Mike Green

We're featuring another digital photographer this month** who is from Yorkshire and came to my attention with his wonderful image of an old railway fence above Dent station. His flickr stream contains some classic compositions and I hope you enjoy his work and comments as much as I did

In most photographer's lives there are ‘epiphanic’ moments where things become clear, or new directions are formed. What were your two main moments and how did they change your photography?

I've only been doing photography 'seriously' for a little under two years, so there's been little time for epiphanies as yet! The two items I've chosen to claim as such may seem obvious, or at least minor, to many readers, but in a short photographic 'career', they're my best offering.

Firstly, after having spent several months photographing the landscape around my home and making what might be called 'advanced holiday snaps' in Bolivia and on Easter Island, I wasn't happy with the results. I was happy with some of the results, but not most. As you might guess, I was mostly going out during the day and thinking 'sunny is good'. I thought I needed some help, so I booked myself onto one of Bruce Percy's workshops, on the Isle of Harris .The idea of photographing when the sun was below the horizon had never really occurred to me, but the workshop concentrated on the radically different colours and effects of doing just that. This was epiphanic; not solely for the specific idea of twilight photography, but also in the simple notion of how significantly different landscapes can appear throughout the day. That's entirely obvious now, but it made me think very differently about what I could do in a photograph, and it certainly expanded my ability to imagine compositions under different lighting conditions. Before then, I think I was composing shots moderately well, but I didn't have much understanding of how light varied during the day, so that was certainly a major moment. It led me to see that, broadly speaking, I don't like capturing obvious shadows: I'd rather capture as much as possible of the shapes and textures in the RAW file, and then dodge/burn the image a little later on to produce what I imagined when I captured it.

Secondly, I bought a tilt-shift lens in February of this year after reading about camera movements in various places. That really was a revelation in terms of flexibility and in the ability to construct images which I'd only been able to visualise before. 'Talon' – the photograph of the claw-like limestone formation, with Pen-y-ghent way off in the distance – was something I couldn't do when I tried well over a year ago, and the lens enabled that. I now see the potential in things which I had written off as impossible before. The trouble with this is that what I'd really like is to have full camera movements – at least I think I would – but I don't want to go to film [yet] due to hassle, marginal cost of each capture, and the need for scanning. That pretty much means medium format digital as far as I know; and I can't afford that. Ah well!

You are local to the southern Yorkshire Dales, what parts of this area would you recommend to someone who didn’t know the area.?

I find the Dales one of the most difficult landscapes to photograph well, despite living here on the side of Ingleborough. That's perhaps down to what I want to create though. I think the whole of the Dales is a wonderful landscape for making 'pretty' pictures, but for me it's rather too green for much of the year. So, as a starting point, I'd recommend coming here in autumn and winter, up to early spring. At those times of year the grass becomes a more interesting colour, or it's covered in snow, and the lower angle of the sunlight is a big benefit to making limestone pavement images. Without low-angled light, the pavements, which look fabulous and alien in three dimensional, human vision, can easily look quite flat.

That leads on to where I'd recommend. I like the limestone scars and pavements which surround Ingleborough very much; it's actually why I moved here as they have extensive cave systems beneath them and I used to go underground a lot. For anyone coming to the Dales, I'd strongly recommend spending time walking on the various scars: White Scar, Keld Head Scar, and Twisleton Scar are possibly the best, but pretty much anything on the north, east and west of Ingleborough has this obvious, karst landscape. There's a real wealth of compositions to be made with limestone foreground and distant hawthorn trees and hills. There are also several great waterfalls around here, such as Scaleber Force, near Settle, Hardraw Force, near Hawes, and the whole of the Ingleton waterfalls walk (though visit that very early or very late since it's more than slightly popular with tourists, and they don't generally enhance photographs). Anyone who's looking for 'classic' shots of stone barns, walls and green fields dotted with sheep can just pick any footpath near a village around here and head upwards; you're soon rewarded with excellent views over glacier-formed landscapes criss-crossed with dry stone walls, whose look now is near-entirely the result of sheep farming.

Finally, I'll put in a bid for the Howgill Fells. They're wonderfully distinctive, rounded shape is unusual and they have the admirable feature of having no walls at all. They're also highly accessible from the M6, which helps. In the right light, their surface, which is rough, variegated grass, can look like a velvet blanket, folded into humps, and is very graphic in a way that landscapes in the UK usually aren't. I've started a project photographing them and have several locations for what I think are unusual views planned.

I notice from your website that you have been a mountaineer for some time, do you see yourself working in a similar way to Colin Prior at any time?

I don't know exactly how Colin Prior works, but given that much of his work is from high up on mountains, I'm guessing that he sleeps up high with some regularity. In short, yes! I've spent a lot of time starting the day at altitude, mostly in alpine huts, but quite often in a bivvy bag on various glaciers. When getting fit for alpine trips, I have frequently driven to the Lakes or Scotland in the evening, headed most of the way up a hill, and bivouacked on or near the summit; it's both really convenient and provides for a great starting point in the morning, and often a beautiful opening to the day too. I definitely intend to do exactly this for the purpose of photography sometime in the near future.

As with many people reading the magazine, I love the north west of Scotland, Assynt in particular. I've been up there numerous times, but never specifically for photography, so I now have some ideas of where I'd like to make images. I'm intending to spend a week or two up in that part of the country in winter at some point, finding good compositions during the day and then spending the night up on the hill to capture both evening and morning light. I'm profoundly not a morning person, so this is actually going to be a much easier way for me to make dawn photographs than staying in the valley and deluding myself that I might get up early! There's also something very special about sleeping alone high up on mountains; it's a great way of really developing a feel for the landscape, and I hope that it will provide some deeper inspiration for images, both large vistas and more intimate views of details. It also seems a very efficient way to 'work': reconnoitring during the day will probably produce some good light and images in itself, and then I'll have both ends of the day at the 'cost' of just one night out. In the worst case, even if I don't make any worthwhile photographs, I'll have had a great, overnight experience in the landscape!

What sorts of experiences have you had when mountaineering that you would have loved to have captured on film?

This has two aspects: it needs to be answered in terms of the difficulty of capturing good images in a mountaineering context, irrespective of whether I'd have liked to. Most of my mountaineering has been in the European Alps, with a lot of ice climbing in various places – neither of those situations is particularly conducive to considered photography. That said, I'd certainly love to have really good photographs from all the major mountains I've climbed, and there are a few incidents I'd particularly like to have been recorded, as distinct from me recording them.

The trouble with alpine routes and ice-climbing is that what's needed, ideally, is a third person, or another two people, moving independently. You need to be photographing someone else in the context of the mountain, rather than your climbing partner, who will almost always be at the end of a rope and above or below you, which doesn't generally make for great images. I have lot of shots on mountains and ice-falls which show the top of my partner's head, or unflattering shots of crampons and legs from below; it's rare to be traversing horizontally and be able to get one of the classic 'sheer ice wall / climber / very large drop / distant mountains' type of images.

The experience I would most like to have captured is not strictly alpine; it's better than that. It was a traverse of the Cuillin Ridge on Skye in winter conditions, which is one of those 'big tick' routes for mountaineers. I had a small camera with me then, but only took two slides, over three days, as I was rather absorbed in the traverse of what is quite a major undertaking in winter. Looking back, had I seen myself as 'A Photographer' at the time, I could easily have made some potentially good images: much of the route is broadly horizontal along the ridge, and we were expecting to take three or four days over it anyway, so a little time spent in photography could have been accommodated. I do regret the lack of photos from that very much: the Cuillin are rarely in winter condition, and I don't expect to be repeating the experience – we just 'got lucky with the weather' on that occasion.

Could you tell us a little about the cameras and lenses you typically take on a trip and how they affect your photography ?

At the moment, 'typically' is a close synonym to 'invariably' for me! I only have one camera that I use for going out to make landscape photos, and that's a Nikon D300s. I started off with a D90 and quickly realised that I needed something I could happily use in all weather and with controls I had some chance of operating with gloves on. I have 10-24mm, 24mm PC-E, 35mm and 55-200mm lenses and I often take all four, though increasingly I'm leaving the 10-24mm behind as, after my initial excitement with really wide angles, I'm growing to be less enthused by that look. More pertinently, I'm very taken with the tilt-shift lens, mainly for the tilt movement, but I do use shift a fair bit too. What I'm really hoping is that Nikon will bring out the rumoured 17mm PC-E, in which case I'll be selling the 10-24 to help buy it. I find that I can usually get by with the 24mm PC-E, but it's certainly true that something wider would be very useful indeed. As I said above, under my second epiphanic moment, the flexibility of movements – albeit limited ones of course, compared to a fully-flexible camera system – is giving me much more scope for creativity in what I make. I was never fully happy with using just far-to-near depth of field, and being able to pick and choose where I place the plane of focus and the associated, wedge-shaped depth of field is definitely making me think differently about what I could do in some situations. In terms of the specific effect on my approach: I take my time in examining a site and setting up, so the added discipline of using tilt-shift is a benefit – it slows me down even more and makes me think carefully about what I'm trying to create in the photograph.

The other really significant piece of kit I always carry is a set of seven Singh-Ray ND and ND grad filters, including a reverse ND grad, which is invaluable when the conditions for it occur, such as in the shot of the Twisleton Scar hawthorn tree with the sun star through it (looking at that now, I would not take it so wide – just goes to show how the novelty of wide angle images has worn off over the last year or so!). The grads are great as I'm not keen on getting into blending exposures; not because of any inherent objection to it, I'd just rather have as little post-processing to do as I can get away with!

You have a very neutral look to your images, contrary to the general direction in which saturation seems to be going. Is this a self conscious attempt to buck the trend or just the way you see?

That's not something I'd been consciously aware of until you mentioned it. I think it's very much the way I see. I collect abstract art and, looking around me, it's quite muted for the most part; there are few bright colours – presumably this is what I like and I'm tending to create images with a similar look. I can certainly see that there is a tendency on Flickr and the like to turn up the saturation, but many of the results looks to me just like what they are: normal colours made more intense by software. I'm interested in structure and texture in my images, and over-use of colour seems to me to detract from that aspect. Of course, if those colours are there in reality, I have no problem with it, but I still might knock it back a little bit if I think it's distracting or takes away from the structural aspects of the finished image. Having said that, I do use bright colours: the twin volcanoes image you've included is certainly quite saturated – though I'll admit that it's less so than it was in reality, come to think of it!

Tell me what your favourite two or three photographs are and a little bit about them.

'Twisleton Scar End hawthorn'

I had some trouble picking these. The first one, however, has to be the one I use as the headline on my blog, mainly because it's the first photo I took with the dSLR and which I actually thought was good. I'd heard that storms made for drama in images, so I was up on Twisleton Scar End in unsettled weather, trying to make something from what I think of as the tree up there. I'd just about given up when the light suddenly changed radically in a few seconds. I'd already packed up, wanting to avoid getting wet (there was a good learning point – I need to accept getting wet!) so I practically ripped the camera out of the bag, swung round and took three frames before the light reverted, one of which became this image. I think, now, I'd do better, but in the circumstances I was very happy with the shot. It could be sharper, and I'd be capturing RAW now and be able to improve it more, whereas I wasn't then. Nonetheless, I love the light on the hawthorn tree against the dark sky and the pale limestone pavement.

'Zip'

The second one is a toss-up between two images I made recently of the Howgill Fells. As I said above, these hills are wonderfully velvety and have great, rounded shapes, uncluttered by any walls or fences. I was out for a strictly-no-camera (my choice) walk with my girlfriend and I saw the composition I've chosen, or the potential for it, at midday on a hot day in April. A couple of weeks later, we were back there at 0500. It felt like an alpine start, getting up at 0230, driving to Sedbergh, and then a walk of an hour or so, but it was worth it as there was a fabulous frost on the ground which gave an even more emphatic velvet look than usual. This is looking west, so I had a decent window of opportunity before direct sunlight touched the interlocking spurs and I had ample time to compose quite carefully as I waited for some reflected light in the valley. This was probably the first image I'd made a 'big effort' to capture, so it's memorable in that respect, but I'm also very pleased with the result.

'Forceful mist'

The third I've chosen is of the base of Hardraw Force, the highest single drop waterfall in England (or, as some people disparagingly refer to it, 'the biggest waterfall - in a pub - near Hawes'). I like this since it validated a choice of composition. I chose to use just a couple of metres of its height and I think the result is vastly more interesting than using the whole fall in the shot. I like the texture in the water and the rich colours in the rock. Essentially, this is another first for me: choosing to use just a small detail of an obvious feature rather than the whole thing. I've cropped photos before, but in this case actively choosing to capture a detail view felt like a good choice to have made and, I think, makes a much better image than just another long, thin waterfall would.

What sort of post processing do you undertake on your pictures? Give me an idea of your work-flow?

I'll not talk about the initial stages of my work-flow, other than to say that I have a rather rigorous process for ingesting, tagging with metadata and extensively backing up all my files, followed by a weeding process to choose the best of a given composition before I do any actual processing. A lot of that is fairly automated, so doesn't take long, but I delete anything which is technically flawed. The next stage is using DxO Optics Pro to produce the initial output TIFFs from my RAW files. This software is where I do the majority of my adjustments. Typically, I run all the 'worth looking at' files, in a batch, through DxO on my default settings. I have the camera set to capture everything as neutrally as possible, so the embedded JPEGs in the RAW files are very dull and soft indeed, hence the first pass through DxO gives me a better idea of whether an image is worth working on individually.

For those that are worth pursuing, I go back and play with most of DxO's options for each image. Firstly, I crop to whatever I envisaged during composition. I'm not at all a fan of 3:2 aspect ratio, particularly for portraits, so I usually intend a crop when composing. After that, I mostly adjust global lighting, local contrast and experiment with DxO's numerous 'film-look' options, usually ending up with Provia 160 NC or desaturated Velvia, but sometimes Astia or Provia. I sometimes desaturate a colour channel or two at this stage if I perceive them as too dominant compared to the shapes in the image – nothing too radical as I'm hoping for the result to be 'credible, but not loud'. Oh, and I do a little bit of sharpening; not much, but enough to look reasonable on-screen.

After that, I open the TIFFs in Photoshop and generally add 2-3 curves layers in which I use masks to adjust the luminosity of various selected parts of the image – dodge and burn essentially – often adding a small amount of vignetting. That's all I use Photoshop for, but it's a very important stage as I like to slightly tweak things to emphasise whatever pattern or structure I've seen in the image.

Do you print much of your work? If so how have you approached it and if not, why not?

I've printed fewer than ten images, and one of those was three copies of the same thing which I framed and gave to people as presents. Most of them are hanging in my house. In all cases, I had them done by Digitalab in Newcastle. I've not printed anything recently; partly since I don't have much wall space that I want to lose, and partly since I've not yet investigated how to prepare files in order to produce really good prints! Having said that, I've created a couple of Blurb books, mainly as records of what I produced in a given year and, again, as presents.

Tell me about the photographers that inspire you most?

That's difficult since I haven't really studied photographers much as yet, or bought many books. Many of the people I've come into contact with on Flickr and through this magazine I find inspiring, in terms of the work they produce. More than results, however, I would say that I'm most inspired by approach. I feel that I have some ideas about how I'd like my images to look, so what inspires me is people whose approach, method and thoughts on the image-making process I think could help me. I'd have to cite Galen Rowell, largely for his determination and willingness to make a significant effort to get into situations for making photographs. I'll also mention Bruce Percy again, since I think his philosophy of making images is a strong one that I can relate to, both in terms of travelling to places and using very low light, and in not necessarily seeking to totally represent reality. Michael Kenna, too: I don't seek to emulate him, but I do like the reductionism in his images – that simplicity is something I aspire to.

What sorts of things do you think might challenge you in the future or do you have any photographs or styles that you want to investigate? Where do you see your photography going in terms of subject and style?

That's a wide-ranging question! Starting with what I think are the easier aspects, I don't see my subject matter changing much, and I think of that subject matter as mainly being patterns in the landscape, whether those are large vistas or details – I'm more interested in patterns than I am in representing reality. That's not to say that I don't want my images to be recognisably of landscapes, I certainly do, and I'd like them to be 'credible', but I'm much more enthused by the idea of seeing something geometric or abstract in a landscape – and making an image from it which features shape and texture – than I am in showing 'what place X looks like'.

So that partially covers style too: I'm trying to simplify my images since the work I most admire tends to be structurally simple and elegant. Of course, there may be lots of complex detail within an image, but I usually see that as secondary to the overall compositional structure; something to add depth and interest to it.

The first part of the question seems rather clearer, now that I've thought through the above! I find simplification difficult, particularly with inland landscapes. I'm looking forward to winter again, and some snow and ice. I find it a great deal easier to make simple compositions in snow, and I prefer the low-angled sunlight of winter. So, I suppose my main challenges are the complex nature of the landscape where I live and the general abundance of green. Still, I'm addressing that by taking myself to northern Norway and Bolivia again next year, where the colours are anything but green and the scenery is in some cases so simple that it's difficult in a different way.

Who do you think we should feature as our next photographer?

There are lots of people who I'd like to see interviewed, most of whom I'm aware of through this magazine. I think David Ward has been mentioned before but I'll add a vote.

Thanks to Mike for a great interview and we'll give David Ward a nudge from him... In the meantime if you want to see more of Mike Green's work take a look at his website or his blog or his Flickr stream.

** - See! Digital! It's not all large format film! although I might have to resort to type soon again as we have a wonderful female large format photographer to include :-)

This month I’ve been mostly photographing old stuff…

Those of you who have been out with me and my camera or who have attended one of my workshops or tours will know that I am drawn to old buildings and vehicles. On days where the weather or the light conspire to make working wider landscapes difficult I like nothing better than to go and dig out something rusting and flaky, mossy and collapsing in.

As with all my image making I regularly find myself asking the question 'why am I taking this?' or perhaps more crucially 'what is this for?'. The first question is easy to answer; because it attracts me. The poignancy of the subject matter, abandoned, left alone to be re-absorbed into its surroundings. The character of the thing, often given a sense of personality by the arrangement of tired windows, rusty fenders or leaning walls. The fantastic colours and shapes created by ageing fascinates me. The second question has however proven more difficult to answer. While I have had some success selling such images as prints and cards that's really not all that I want to achieve with my photographs, I have always hoped that in the long run they may prove to have been more useful than that.

In recent weeks I have travelled and photographed across Britain. For the most part the light has been good for details ( either harsh daylight when I head for shady nooks or raining but too windy for woodland work), especially man made ones so that is what I been hunting for. Last week, while talking to a farmer in his Worcestershire farmyard it dawned on me how important this photography of old stuff actually is.

I had driven past the farm a couple of times during the week and admired the tall Oast Houses at the rear but on my third passing I caught sight of what looked like old wooden shutters on the red brick barns behind the main house and vowed to call by on my return. Later, having knocked and been given permission to photograph by the farmer I was approached by his son who had just parked his tractor in front of barn doors that could have made a further image. Starting up a conversation by asking if I would photograph his wedding later in the year ( my stock answer is always 'yes, if you don't mind all my images being taken with a long lens from the top of the nearest hill') he went on to say that I was lucky to get the shots of the windows as the buildings were soon to be developed and converted into apartments, a fate to which the oast houses had already fallen. Driving back I realised how often this had happened in just one month. The chicken wire windowed byre in Taynuilt was soon to be pulled down and replaced with a mechanic's workshop; the tumbledown cottage in Appin was coming down to be replaced with a bland, pebble dash holiday home; the roofless barn in Little Hereford had only just lost its tiles, sold by the farmer for a quick buck.

Looking back this has been going on all along, some buildings I identified for future visits were raised to the ground before I got back with my camera while others were renovated, old cars removed, flaky paint cleaned up and broken windows replaced. So now if I see something I photograph it at the earliest opportunity because at some point it will go forever and there will be no record of it as I found it, with all its character, colour and evidence of the lives who occupied it on show. I hope that you too can see the importance of documenting these old things which can be found absolutely everywhere we go but are seldom given a second glance by most people before they vanish.

This brings me onto another subject matter that I believe we should all photograph as we discover it. After all it is everywhere we go, no matter how beautiful the location. Under hedges, beside stone walls, at the back of beaches,choking ditches, we are rarely more than a few feet from litter and industrial waste.

As landscape photographers we tend to strive to make images of a countryside in pristine condition. Avoiding the signs of man where we can, especially where it's ugly or shocking. Our customers understandably want to spend their hard earned cash on scenes of beauty, something to take them away from the reality of their daily lives. I wonder however how many people actually see the sheer amount of waste dumped and abandoned on our wonderful landscape as I do. Many of my customers praise my ability to reveal texture and colour in nature that they have not previously seen. My 'gift' of seeing such detail also reveals the enormous amount of damage being inflicted on nature by our activity. Maybe, just maybe by taking photographs of the less attractive elements in the landscape we may be able to draw enough peoples attention to the problem to make a change, because until they see it in print (like the beauty) I don't think they will know it's there.

As an artistic endeavour this may not be commercially viable (or particularly original-see Fay Godwin, Edward Burtynsky etc for inspiration) but if you're there with a camera why not take a carefully composed shot or two and start to build up a collection of images that could help to encourage people and especially businesses to change their ways. I have discovered many disturbing sights on beaches over the years, gulls strangled by fishing rope; an Otter skeleton in a creel, unable to escape and drowned as the tide came in; scenes I would now photograph along with stacks of rusty leaking cans of chemicals, old tyres, dead whales and washed up Russian packing crates. Maybe over a period of time and with exposure ( I'm sure an exhibition of this subject matter would go down a storm in London) our images may have enough impact to reduce some of the unnecessary and thoughtless negative impact we are having out there.

I would be interested in hearing from any other photographers who would perhaps like to make a more organised project out of this, the more the better. After all, the problem is to be found at all of our favourite locations, we just need to stop ignoring it.

The Landscape Photography Workshop – Mark Bauer & Ross Hoddinot

Photographer’s Institute Press should be well known to landscape photographers, they are the company behind outdoor photographer but they also publish photography books. Examples are the classic “Nature Photography Field Guide” by John Shaw and the series of books by Peter Watson, Capturing the Light, Light in the Landscape, Reading the Landscape and Seasons of Landscape (of which I can highly recommend Capturing the Light).

Their latest offering for landscape photographers is a book written by Dawn 2 Dusk workshop leaders Ross Hoddinot and Mark Bauer called ‘The Landscape Photography Workshop’. The premise behind the book is that Mark and Ross have taught budding photographers for few years and the information that they try to pass on would be useful put into book form. PIP obviously agreed and here we are.

So what’s in the book? Well it is very much a beginners guide to landscape photography, starting off by talking about equipment and going on to discuss shutter speed, aperture, depth of field, etc. and once you’ve got past the basics of composition (the usual set: rules of thirds, odd numbers, balance, leading lines, near/far followed by examples of how to break them) you are a third of the way through the book. We get chapters of lighting, filtration (with the obligatory big stopper) and types of landscape. This is followed by an ‘advanced’ chapter which has hyperfocal, diffraction, expose to the right and exposure blending.

This sounds like a very predictable set but that is because it is predictable and probably should be so. In all this makes for a very comprehensive beginners guide to most of the essentials of landscape photography. Combined with the final chapters on post processing and printing (and a set of assigments at the end which would have been better associated with their corresponding chapters) we have a book that would help kick start a budding landscape photographer to a point where they have enough knowledge to know what to look at next.

So, in summary - an excellent book to accompany a first camera for the landscape lover.

However, like every book written by photographers, Ross and Mark have decorated this guide with some of their personal work and very good it is too (although it would have been nice to know which photographs were by Mark or Ross). Ross and Mark have similar styles of photography and the book includes some of my favourites from both of their portfolios.

In terms of representing the photographic output of two of the UK’s talented photographers, this book works very well and if I were them I would be very happy with the final output. On top of which they’ll have some of the best workshop notes you’ll ever get :-)

You can see more of Ross and Mark's work at http://www.rosshoddinott.co.uk/ and http://www.markbauerphotography.com/ and find out about their workshops at http://www.dawn2duskphotography.co.uk/

 

Fix You

My photographic career/obsession/love/passion – call it what you will - began with a flattened instamatic 110 film camera. Sleek. Fitted the pocket. Easy load cassette film. It even extended to reveal the shutter release. As a bit of a gadget freak even then I confess to being instantly hooked though technical “control” was not one of its stronger points. And so I quickly progressed to my beloved Ricoh KR10 Super which stayed with me for many years and was where I learnt the “rules” of the game. I was having unending fun and the thought of heading out with the camera filled me with delight each and every time.

Joe Cornish Galleries – Open Exhibition

A few months ago, Joe Cornish galleries made an open call out for entries into a competition to exhibit at the gallery. Entrants were asked to speculatively submit framed images and the winners would be hung at the gallery. We went down to the gallery and asked Joe to show us around. We did have a problem with noise toward the end of the video (our video camera does not allow external microphones - we'll use a second recording device next time) so our apologies if it's a little difficult to hear.

 

Exposure Blending

One of our accepted goals as photographers is to ensure that our final ‘product’ is correctly exposed (we’ll come back to what ‘correctly exposed’ actually means later).

Digital cameras can supposedly record 13 stops of dynamic range but real world tests show that although it’s possibly to detect differences at the 10th, 11th and 12th stops, they are swamped by noise. The real dynamic range of a good DSLR is about 8 or 9 stops. To put the that 8 stops into perspective, just picture the histogram on the back of your camera. The 8th and 9th stops are represented by the last single pixel width line on the left hand side of the histogram. In order to get good quality images, it is best to get the exposure within 8 stops. This is still better than slide film which manages about 6 stops although a way to go before it gets to print films nearly 10+ stops of usable dynamic range.

So it makes sense for us to limit our dynamic range so that nothing in the scene exceeds these values. Many photographers use graduated neutral density filters to hold back parts of a scene but there are still situations where our chosen composition, for instance shooting a valley or out of a cave or at the coast where the rocks can impinge on a grad (think Porth Nanven).

In these situations, there are only really a couple of solutions. One is to use print film (a solution that Andrew Nadolski used in his book “End of the Land” where he used no graduated filters), barring this though, we need to take multiple exposures and blend them together somehow .

That somehow is the subject of this article. In summary there are loads of somehows and there are various vociferous arguments about which techniques are best and we’ll try to cut through some of these to recommend what works in terms of the end photographic product. Our goal will be to create believable results and so we won’t be covering the more extreme ‘tone mapping’ techniques (although I won’t be saying that most extreme HDR is crap - it’s just more of a ‘special effect’ that makes me queasy but some love0.

The first thing to mention is that there a bit of a dichotomy between capturing large dynamic ranges in photographs and creating the sorts of bold saturated landscapes that have become de-rigeur in the landscape photography community. There have been quite a few studies that have reported on our ‘acceptance’ of different saturation levels and they have discovered that we can ‘believe’ high saturation pictures if the scene itself is also high contrast. We have difficulty accepting strong saturation if the scene is itself very low contrast.

This means that in order to make a believable image of a scene that encompasses a large dynamic range, we should be limiting the saturation. And conversely, if we want high saturation, we should be trying to capture scenes with limited dynamic range.

I think that this is where the inherent success of slide film comes in. Because it inherently can only record a low dynamic range image, it’s high saturation remains fairly believable - to an extent ;-)

What this implies is that some of the tricks that slide photographers use to make picture fit in the range of their film are still useful for digital photographers. For example, most slide photographers will not shoot in direct sunlight and if shooting straight into the sun, will wait until the sun goes behind a cloud (even if it’s only a very thin cloud) which will knock a couple of stops of brightness off the area around the sun and probably knock a stop of brightness of the highlights in the landscape.

However, back in the land of exposure blending :-)

There are two primary ways of combining multiple images together. The first is to use a HDR program of some sort, which will produce a true HDR image (pre tone-mapping) and the second is to blend the images together in some fashion.

HDR

The first step of HDR is to combine multiple pictures together to give a final version which has all of that information. The resulting file is as flat as a pancake and unless your tastes are for extreme low contrast, you won’t like it. The clever bit of HDR is how to increase the contrast in this picture without blowing out different areas. The typical answer is some form of ‘tone mapping’. A really simple way of thinking about tonemapping is as an ‘adaptive’ neutral density filter that conforms to the bright bits of your picture, allowing you to turn up the brightness without blowing highlights. The different in most HDR software is how it handles the ‘adaptive’ bit (there are lots of extra things that HDR software can do such as large radius sharpening to increase ‘texture’ but these are really not part of the HDR process we are looking at).

At it’s most simple, the tone mapping can just simulate a graduated neutral density filter that has a bend in it (i.e. that isn’t a straight line graduation). Most HDR goes a bit further than this to look for things like specular highlights and limit their brightness. I’ll include a few exampls below by processing a photo I took in Glencoe some time ago and also an image taken near Carr Head in the Peak District.

Here are the original images

Here's what the image looks like when combined into a HDR file and then just exported with the full dynamic range.

That's pretty dull. However it's got all of the information in it, just not particularly nice. Most of the work in HDR software is in mapping this file into a higher contrast image without generating obvious signs. We ran a few different HDR software programs and got the following results. The captions show what the file is but in summary, the first is a hand blend (as per video), photomatix, picturenaut and finally Dynamic Photo HDR. I'll add a couple more when I get time (HDR EFX and Fhotoroom).

We also tried a Peak District photograph. Here are the original images

And here is the flat HDR of the peak district shot

Photoshop flat HDR

And here are my conversions of the peak district shot. This includes a couple of more HDR software programs.

The worst was HDR Efx which ended up displaying all sorts of artifacts e.g.

The following video shows hand blends of both the Glencoe shot and the Peak District shots.

My conclusion from all of this? Well, Photomatix (using the fusion settings) and Fhotoroom Artizen seem to be the best from what I've seen although a hand blend works better than both as far as I am concerned.

Whenever there are extreme contrast edges or movement, having manual control certainly pays off. I shall be looking at the use of these two pieces of software in the next edition and seeing how they handle more complicated situations.

At the end of the day though, it seems the key for me is to try not to blend too many pictures (the fewer transitions the better in real world conditions, regardless of what the HDR people say). Three exposures maximum and if you can get away with a main exposure and then an extra exposure for highlights things work out a lot better. However, I am but a beginner.

If anybody has a good set of exposures for me to try out, let me know and I'll pick the most challenging for the next edition. Hope you liked this, if you have any questions or suggestions, please let me know in the comments.

 

Michela Griffith

This issue we're talking to Michela Griffith, a photographer who lives near Buxton and whose landscape work I originally saw in the 'Developing Vision and Style' books and whose site I saw quite recently whilst investigating women in landscape photographer (a question I raise with Michela and one we'll no doubt return to.

In most photographers lives there are ‘epiphanic’ moments where things become clear, or new directions are formed. What were your two main moments and how did they change your photography?

It’s difficult to choose as it is always a journey and we are always learning.  But for the first, sad to say, I’d say getting my first two rolls of Velvia back from the developer.  I’d taken some up to Embleton ‘to see what all the fuss was about’ and as a consequence was very considered in when & how I exposed it.  This was my second week long trip to the area on holiday, and I had the benefit of reviewing previous efforts and learning from these, in particular to make compositions simpler and less cluttered.  In addition to the tripod I’d had previously, I’d added a set of ND grads, and it was very much a case of things falling into place.  I had a couple of cracking sunrises, but also some soft light on misty days which worked well for macros and close up details.

The second – I could say looking down a macro lens for the first time and discovering a whole new word of colour, pattern and texture, or just slowing down, but these as with other images found or made ‘within’ the more obvious is learning to see rather than just look.  I came across a Dorothea Lange quote recently that I can relate to: “The camera is an instrument that teaches people how to see without a camera.”

Your day job is 'landscape architect' - did this come first or second and how do the two complement each other?

Photography, definitely, since my father bought me a basic SLR when I was 16.  Even then I had a fairly good eye for composition, unfortunately it never occurred to me that this could lead to a career, which is a shame as I consciously decided on leaving school not to go into a default science course,  but to combine arts and science as I enjoyed art so much.  To be fair, landscape architecture is a good match for someone wanting to do this.  As with many people other things took over, photos became records of holidays etc., and my rekindling of interest over the last 8 years or so has I think in part reflected the increasing dominance of computers in work life and, with advancement, fewer opportunities to be creative.  My photography has filled that creative gap.  I guess that the two complement each other through an understanding of aesthetics, landscape processes, design and presentation.

Not being a full time photographer, how do you find time to get out and take pictures?

I think we would all say there is never enough time, just a case of what you prioritise and how tolerant or otherwise partners are.  I think I can safely say that not having children gives me more flexibility, and I work a 4 day week for a number of reasons, which also helps, as did moving from Sheffield out into the Peak District in 2007.  Previously my sojourns would be odd days with concentrated bursts on holiday (usually to somewhere suitably scenic!) which is possible if you can drag yourself out of bed sufficiently early and then still do the usual daytime stuff.  Evenings are more difficult to balance though.  My preference has always been to limit travel and make the most of the area I’m in, home or away, so I’m out on foot rather than driving and like to be familiar with my area.  I’m not sure I’m getting the balance right at present, from either angle, and early mornings have been difficult recently, so it’s been good to find something I can do around the village and parish, looking at small details and different formats and black and white.  I’ve always had an innate curiosity to see what’s round the next corner, with the result that my other half makes sarcastic comments about my disappearing down obscure alleys etc.

There are very few 'committed' landscape photographers, do you have any idea why and what about you is different?

Ha!  I did wonder what you might be getting at here!  My long suffering husband would probably say that I should be committed!  Perhaps it is a function of the common beliefs that landscape photography as art does not have the same status in the UK as in America, and that it has to be more of a personal interest rather than something you can readily make a living from, compared with say commercial or wedding photography.  With digital everyone is a photographer and thinks that if they take enough images they will get some good ones.

I’m fortunate that I take images mostly for my own satisfaction, so I can concentrate on the subjects that interest me.  I see sales as something that may offset some of the cost.  I’ve found that even with local calendars, etc., once you start to consciously look for images that you think will appeal to others, it introduces some tension between conforming to expectations and concentrating on the perhaps more abstract or introspective images that I get most satisfaction from.  I guess being a slightly obsessive personality helps too – I’ve always set high standards in whatever I do in the perhaps mistaken belief that you should get on by hard work and quality of output, rather than self-promotion or networking.  Needless to say, I haven’t got very far………but I don’t feel dependant on the approval of others.  (Having said that I am curious about who mentioned me to you, so I obviously do suffer from some vanity!!)

What do you think could be done to get more women interested in landscape photography?

Yes, I did pull your leg on this one a bit, speculating about why it seems to be male-dominated.  I think by nature we don’t tend to put ourselves or our interests first, and I know several people who have a tendency, as I did previously, to think that you will get everything done and then relax / read that book / go for a walk etc.  After a while I worked out that you never get the time for your own interests.  So I think everyone needs encouragement to plan into their day / week ‘me time’ to be creative.  School education probably has something to answer for too – if you show potential you are encouraged to study academic rather than vocational subjects, and it is easy to leave behind your interest in art or craft.  Perhaps increasingly now, you also have to get beyond the ‘techno geek’ factor (and elbow your way past the men reading - but not buying - magazines in WHS to get to your copy of AP lodged firmly in the men’s interests section).

Everyone benefits from praise and recognition, so if you and others know of good female landscape photographers then (on merit as I don’t agree with positive discrimination) profiling their work or reviewing a couple of images will encourage them and inspire others.  You could also perhaps consider how people get to know of GBL (I’d found your blog so picked up the new venture from here)?  Not everyone will be happy to go out on their own, so I guess things like photo clubs / workshops and even photo or walking ‘buddies’ can help here.  (As in most things at school / uni / work it has never really occurred to me that I can’t do things coz I’m a girl, though I am sensible about stuff and I’m sure in urban areas I would now be much more cautious.)

Could you tell us a little about the cameras and lenses you typically take on a trip and how they affect your photography?

I seem to be increasingly feeble as I get older, not helped by hurting my back a while back, so I now carry less than previously.  Contents tend to reflect what I have in mind, as well as recent acquisitions which invariably set us off on another journey of discovery, and how far I’m going or how long I expect to be out etc.  I’ll perhaps double up the Xpan with a 75-200mm on the 35mm SLR but overall I find it easiest to stick with one format and a second lens.  The LX-5 is ideal for further afield, particularly if the walking comes first rather than photo exploration.   I really need to spend some serious time with the Mamiya 7 II as I don’t feel I’ve yet done justice to this, but sometimes it’s tempting to go for the ‘safe’ option that you know will deliver the results when time or opportunity is limited.

 

Tell me what your favourite two or three photographs are and a little bit about them.

I think we would all say that our favourites are ill-defined and extremely variable – easier to say favourite if you apply it to some other category.  In the end I’ve chosen three that have all given me quiet satisfaction from finding images beyond the obvious, and that were not envisaged when I set out.

Time and Tide - The first is from one of those two rolls of Velvia and is my reminder to myself to look behind you!  I’d set out to shoot the sunrise over Embleton Bay, and was greeted by a fantastic tobacco sunrise as a result of a shower moving off the land.  It didn’t seem enough to take cover – at first – but was surprising persistent and it kept spotting on the filters.  Although I was concentrating on the view out across the bay, I did look round to be greeted by both fantastic light and a rainbow between the dunes.  At my feet the low angle of the sun lifted the corrugated sand out of the ordinary and provided a pattern of light and texture.  It was raining when I took this, hence the appearance of the sand.  For me an ephemeral synthesis of light on land, land meeting sea, and tide and time.

Ancient Thorn - I love the panoramic format as much for the unexpected horizontal, and sometimes vertical, compositions that you can find in addition to the ability to capture some of the wider landscapes that it is difficult to do justice to with a 3:2 format or similar.  While you can stitch a series of images together, visualisation is much easier if you are working with a panoramic camera.  Again I had set out earlier to capture the dawn light at Eglys Carnguwch near Llithfain on the Llyn Peninsula in Wales.  The elevated siting of the church above a bend in the river and the encircling earthworks and ruined buildings ooze history and spiritual connection.  Along part of the perimeter are the contorted remnants of a hawthorn hedge, strangely beautiful in the early light.

Wiral - The final image perhaps seems a strange choice from my local area, but again I have chosen it to show that you can find a picture almost anywhere if you look carefully, and you don’t have to have ‘perfect’ light, just the right type of light for the images that you want to make.  The spiral pattern where the wire is twisted to terminate the fence within the field beyond caught my eye.  If I’d had my macro lens I probably would have excluded everything else, but with the LX5 I couldn’t get the level of control I wanted for composition and focus.  However I realised that there was interest in the context, with the lines and textures of the post and wall, and the mundane nature of the detail.  Unconscious art by the roadside!

What sort of post processing do you undertake on your pictures? Give me an idea of your workflow.

As you will gather from the kit, I’m still largely a film user.  I have concluded that I am not by nature an ‘early adopter’, but I’d just built up a film kit when digital took off and if it ain’t broke…… etc.  For me the enjoyment is being out making images, and I spend more than enough time in front of a computer for work without wanting to process all my files.  I consciously chose to move to medium format as I felt that, with consideration, this would offer greater quality than a digital SLR.  I have a Nikon Coolscan V ED that I use for 35mm including as a starting point for the Xpan transparencies which can be rejoined in Photoshop.  I did look quite seriously at either a V700 / V750 scanner, and even contemplated a Coolscan 9000 as I do have a tendency to want the best ………. But I worked out how many scans I could buy instead and decided to give some business to Ian Scovell (found via your old blog, no less) for some of the 6 x 7s and have gone back to him get a few panoramics and 35mm slides done to see how they compare and so I can print some BIG.  And it saves me time on the PC!  (An article on getting the best out of your Coolscan V would still be of interest though!)  I may make minor tweaks to levels for viewing / printing, I don’t often crop given the different formats I use, and I use Nik Sharpener Pro before output to keep life as simple as possible.

Do you print much of your work? If so how have you approached it and if not, why not?

The downside to having digital flexibility is that I don’t think any of us commit as much or as often to paper, and there is always something else to do…….  I’ve had a Canon Pixma IP4300 A4 printer for a while which is fine to a point but not always very true on photo paper (though great for cards etc.).  I tried a few test prints from pro-labs but wasn’t overwhelmed, so after agonising over all the reviews online I bought an Epson R2880 last year, in part because it would take roll paper for the panoramics.  So far, so good, and if you haven’t tried printing big, give it a go.

I’m still looking round to optimise what I can achieve on a modest budget for the calendars to keep costs low and maximise what they bring in for a good cause, and this has its frustrations as I know I can do them better but not at the price.  (Any recommendations welcome).  I’d love to do one with the panoramics, but again it’s judging the local market with regards to pricing etc.

Tell me about the photographers that inspire you most.

More than being equipment led, returning to serious photography was sparked by picking up remaindered photo magazines on a market stall near where I work.  I soon found these rather lacking in creative writing and moved onto a photography book club, where I devoured anything I could get my hands on by Joe Cornish and David Ward, plus Charlie Waite, Niall Benvie, Tom Mackie and Peter Watson.  Sue Bishop’s book on ‘Photographing Flowers’ prompted me to play around with more limited depths of field for macro, and though I understand her point about the flexibility that losing the tripod gives you, I don’t feel I can control the framing and composition accurately enough without one.

What sorts of things do you think might challenge you in the future or do you have any photographs or styles that you want to investigate? Where do you see your photography going in terms of subject and style?

I’m enjoying using my photography to support local groups and good causes in and around the village.  I love living here and it is good to be able to give something back.  I seem to be adding to rather than reducing my commitments, but I’d love to devote more time to serious and creative photography.  The LX5 is a great compact camera and has set me off on playing with square format images and black and white, so I’m planning to keep adding local details.  And yes, it would be nice to publish some more………….I think we all like to think we have a book in us.  (I quite enjoy writing too.)

Who do you think we should feature as our next photographer?

I’ll add another vote to the David Ward campaign.  I have made a point of trying to find some other female landscape photographers - easier said than done.  But worth a look at Karen Brodie’s website;  Lizzie Shepherd, whose name pops up in photo magazines; also (Morag) Leeming + (Ted) Patterson for some abstract images.

A big thanks to Michela and you can see more of her work at Longnor Landscapes.

p.s. Michela is away for a week or so and said she will respond to comments when she gets back!

OM1 Winner!

And we have a winner for our 'win a full frame camera' competition. We had 20 entries and picked out David Langan as a winner. David Recommended a flickr photography by the tag of 'Hogne'. We'll be contacting him in the next few issues.

David wins an Olympus OM1 combined with two lenses, a 50mm f/1.8 and a 28mm f/3.5 and a bunch of film (neg and slide) and a few drum scans. David will be writing something about his experience playing with this over the next few months.

So - thanks for everyone for taking part and I hope you'll enjoy David's final peice.

Tim

Chris Bell – Book Review

Tasmania, Primal Places

Now this book is something else. Joe showed me this a couple of years ago and I was immediately taken. The reproduction and paper quality is superb and the pictures, oh my! I've included a few extracts below but all I can say is "buy this book". The narrative is also very strong, short exracts of a life in the wilderness. Don't expect any mention of photography, this is all about the wild and all the better for it.

The Noblest Stone, Carnarvon National Park (1995)

This is the oldest book availble new by Chris Bell and despite the fact that I think Beyond the Reach has stronger photographer, this is still an enjoyable book that includes a more subtle photography, less wow but still a lot there for a discerning photographer (and a few absolutely stunning pictures).

Beyond the Reach (1990)

Although Primal Places is undoubtedly Chris' masterpiece, I have a soft spot for 'Beyond the Reach'. Outwardly a natural history of lake St Clair national park, it is much more though. A collection of stunning photographs married to Chris' eloquent text. I would highly recommend digging out a good copy which should cost you £20 to £30 from Alibris or Abe Books

Alibris Search

A Time to Care (1980)

Published in 1980, this is Chris' first book and, I have to say, not the strongest photographically. However there are some great pictures and it's worth a purchase for the content (written by Norm Sanders) which is a great environmental history lesson which is still valid today. It overs some of the major issues relevant in the late 1970s and gives you some context for the work that was put in by the environmental movement (this was contemporaneous with Peter Dombrovskis' work in the Gordon and Franklin Rivers).

Chris Bell

We've been wanting to feature Chris Bell for some time. He's a favourite photographer of both myself and Joe Cornish (Joe showed me his book Primal Places some time ago). It's also become a favourite of most people who I've shown the books to. Chris continues the environmental and artistic work of Olegas Truchanas and Peter Dombrovskis. His work has it's own look though, one which makes the most of this amazing island.

I am Camera

In actual fact, I am not, and therein lies the theme of this article.

As human beings we all have command and control of a computer that far exceeds in sophistication and integration anything built by NASA, and yes, that is our brain. (If only it felt that way when I reach my afternoon 'dip' around 16.13 each day!). A great deal of the brain's performance is devoted to vision.

Nature’s America – David Muench

David Muench is one of the first great colour landscape photographers. With a huge back catalogue of publications, he has influenced a generation of photographers and has created many of the places Americans now call icons. Tim Parkin and Joe Cornish go through the book "Nature's America" discussing its influence on Joe and the assets of the photographic skills shown inside. We hope you enjoy it (apologies for the video quality - hopefully it's good enough for the purpose.)

Part One

Part Two