End frame: Hashikui Rocks, Study 1, Kushimoto, Honshu, Japan, 2002 by Michael Kenna

Do you have a favourite image that you would like to write an end frame on? We are always keen to get submissions, so please get in touch to discuss your idea. You can read all the previous end frame articles to get some ideas!


Michael Kenna was one of the first photographers whose books I felt the need to buy, so that I could have his photographs at home and look at them whenever I wanted (The Internet was still not omnipresent in our lives back then).

Opening his books was always a small ritual for me; I still handle them like precious objects, because going through his photographs feels like traveling and almost taking a holiday.

I find that while his style is clear and consistent, the variety of his work is very big, so many photographs stands out for themselves.

I chose to write about Hashikui Rocks, Study 1 for End Frame because in my opinion it represents very well why I admire Kenna’s work.

At first glance, it is a very simple image – just some rocks and their reflection in the water. However, the more time you spend looking at it, the more facets you notice and the deeper the picture becomes.

For example, the line of the rocks could be interpreted as an electrocardiogram, maybe a seismogram. Or it could be read as a faraway landscape with some mountains and skyscrapers, a combination of silhouettes, some of which are man-made and others that have been created by nature over time. So I could state that this picture is a perfect subject to see how much one can project and read on a square piece of paper with just a few different tones of grey disposed in a composition which is at the same time a clearly identifiable object but also could be quite abstract.

2026 / 365

I’ve mentioned before that I haven’t had much dedicated time for landscape photography over the last couple of years. That’s mainly because I’ve been spending a lot of time in the mountains, where photography was still happening, but usually as a secondary concern to whatever I was out there doing.

After Matt Payne’s visit last year, I realised I probably needed a project, something with enough structure to nudge me out the door more regularly. So I’ve restarted a practice I first tried about five years ago, taking one photograph a day for the whole of 2026. January has gone reasonably well so far, although a bout of Covid made me miss a day and also led to one slightly questionable “photo through the bedroom window” attempt, which felt a bit like cheating.

I thought it might be interesting to share how the project unfolds, so I’m going to post a monthly update with a small selection along the way. Each month, I’ll include eight photographs with captions.

Achtriochtan Snow Storm - 2nd January

A tourist vantage point, but one with so much photographic potential in the right conditions. Around 3 pm, a series of snow/rain bands was due to pass. I went to the edge of the lochan and I found a satisfying clump of reeds to provide a foreground ready for the front to arrive. Just as the squall was blowing in, I had time to capture three frames before the wind hit the water. Shortly after, the view disappeared and so did the feeling in my fingers.

A critical part of making this photo was finding a clean area of water in the foreground, which was just as important as finding a complementary grouping of reeds. I wasn't 100% successful; a couple of the foreground reeds stood out. However, a bit of contrast reduction in Photoshop/Lightroom did the trick. The same processing was applied to a couple of car headlights in the background. The key to post-processing this image was to enhance the contrast between the cool blues and the warm reeds/lower hillside.

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Any Questions, with special guest Norman McCloskey

The premise of our podcast is loosely based on Radio Four's “Any Questions.” Joe Cornish (or Mark Littlejohn) and I (Tim Parkin) invite a special guest to each show and solicit questions from our subscribers.

In this episode, Tim Parkin and Mark Littlejohn talk to Norman McCloskey about his journey from sports photography to becoming a renowned landscape photographer in Ireland. He discusses the importance of authenticity in art, the challenges and successes of running his own gallery, and the significance of self-publishing his books. Norman emphasises the emotional connection to the landscape in his work and the unique approach he takes in his photography. He also reflects on the thriving gallery scene in Ireland compared to the UK and offers insights into the business side of photography.

Read more:

Feli Hansen

What transpires when, instead of excluding human traces from your photographic compositions, you make them the subject matter? Feli Hansen’s Guilty Trashures caught my attention while reviewing the results of the Natural Landscape Photography Awards 2025. In the Project category, as runner-up, was a series of landscapes that bore a striking resemblance to natural landforms and elements. Only upon closer examination and reading the description did it become evident that these were, in fact, plastic. It was refreshing to observe not only a photographer choosing to draw attention to something that has become so commonplace that it is imperceptible to some, but also to witness the work receiving recognition on its merits. This project reminds me, in a positive way, of Mandy Barker’s work, and similarly, Feli Hansen has recognised that to engage the viewer, it is necessary to make something awful, aesthetic.

Looking through Feli’s Instagram feed, it was apparent that this was not all that we could feature here. While she has visited some of those tick-list locations (Iceland, the Lofoten Islands), her interpretations remain personal in their composition and style and draw on the time she has spent photographing the coastline close to home.

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Tell us a little about yourself, Feli – where did you grow up, what early interests did you have, and what did you go on to do?

I was born in Hamburg, Germany. Due to my parents’ work, we moved several times in my first six years. From Germany to The Netherlands to Belgium and back to The Netherlands. Unfortunately, my dad passed away unexpectedly when I was four.

As a child, I loved being busy creating things, just like my mother and brother. It could be anything from drawing, painting, carpentry, sewing, cooking, or whatever. It's so satisfying when you make something yourself. I also enjoyed reading nature books and watching nature documentaries, besides sports like swimming, windsurfing, and playing tennis or just playing outside with friends.

Walking with Tolkien

The story of Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings has taken me to many destinations over the past twelve years. Living near the landscape of the Brecon Beacons has always offered the potential for regular visits, documenting what could easily be imagined as The Shire. The rolling hills of the Beacons, so familiar to Tolkien during his childhood, and the musical tones of the Welsh language may well have influenced many of the names and places we now know in Middle-earth. You can read my previous articles on Tolkein are: Tolkien’s Shire in Lord Of The Rings & Walking in the Shadow of Middle Earth.

Swiss Tour 1911 Group Photo From Ts Gedling

Later in life, Tolkien travelled to Italy, a country he adored for its culture, food, and the dramatic topography of its landscape. The jagged peaks of South Tyrol and the Dolomites seem to echo through the mountains of Middle-earth. In Tolkien’s time, what is now northern Italy — possibly the inspiration for Mordor — would have been part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, later reshaped by the tides of European history.

I have spent many hours walking through these landscapes, imagining what Frodo might have felt as he struggled to return the Ring to the mountain where it was forged — or what it would be like to plant crops in the Shire, drink fine ales, and smoke a pipe beneath a broad-leaved tree.

As I’ve mentioned in my previous articles on this long journey, Tolkien’s world can sometimes become political territory. He is revered worldwide, and his work is taken with great seriousness — occasionally too seriously. Over the years, I’ve heard heated debates among academics, each trying to prove that their interpretation of Tolkien’s travels and inspirations is the correct one. I’ve even heard a few bitter words exchanged about whose “Middle-earth” is the true one.

Over the years, I’ve heard heated debates among academics, each trying to prove that their interpretation of Tolkien’s travels and inspirations is the correct one. I’ve even heard a few bitter words exchanged about whose “Middle-earth” is the true one.

Aletsch Tolkien

However, there is one place where argument seems unnecessary, a location backed by Tolkien’s own words and sketches: Rivendell, or as it is known in the real world, Lauterbrunnen in the Swiss Alps.

During the year 1911, when Tolkien was just 19 years old, he was invited to join a group walking in the Swiss Alps. The trip was initiated by the Brookes-Smith family, who had visited the region on a number of occasions before the First World War. Tolkien, along with his aunt and others, spent a few weeks in July and August travelling on foot through what we now know as the Misty Mountains. The Swiss Alps were his first experience of the heady heights of a serious mountain range. It is clear from his documented letters that this landscape inspired the mountainous peaks of Middle-earth, including Rivendell.

Rivendell, or Imladris, was an Elven outpost in the Misty Mountains on the eastern edge of Eriador. Due to its location, it was called the Last Homely House from the point of view of a traveller going eastward into the Misty Mountains and Wilderland, and the First Homely House for those returning from the wilds to the civilised lands of Eriador in the west.

Due to its location, it was called the Last Homely House from the point of view of a traveller going eastward into the Misty Mountains and Wilderland, and the First Homely House for those returning from the wilds to the civilised lands of Eriador in the west.

J.r.r. Tolkien Rivendell

It was established by Elrond in the Second Age, year 1697, as a refuge from Sauron after the fall of Eregion. It remained Elrond’s seat throughout the rest of the Second Age and all the way into the end of the Third Age, when he finally took the White Ship to Valinor. Rivendell maintained a strong alliance with the Kings of Arnor, and after the fall of Arthedain it became a sanctuary for the Rangers of the North and the Heirs of Isildur.

My visit to Switzerland was originally for a lecture at a college in the medieval town of Fribourg, but Lauterbrunnen was only a three-hour drive away.

If I ever dedicate a full book to my travels in search of Middle-earth’s real-world counterparts, this is one place that must be included. My visit to Switzerland was originally for a lecture at a college in the medieval town of Fribourg, but Lauterbrunnen was only a three-hour drive away. I couldn’t resist the opportunity to visit what is widely accepted in Tolkien scholarship as the home of the Elves.

My research started by revisiting the maps of the tour that had been documented. I also contacted the Tolkien Estate for information on any writings or artwork created after his visit. I then planned the more remote drive to the region, documenting my journey along the way.

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After a brief stay in Fribourg, I set off across the lofty hills — what the Swiss modestly call hills, though at over a thousand metres they would be considered mountains back in the UK. Driving through thick fog, I could hear the soft clanging of cowbells in the distance. It was November; the leaves were still clinging to the trees, glowing with late-season colour after a gentle autumn.

As I descended toward the plains near Thun, the fog began to lift, revealing the Alps towering over the landscape ahead. The road followed the shoreline toward Interlaken, sunlight now breaking through as signs for Grindelwald appeared. I was in the shadows of the mountains — vast, stony giants blocking the sun, their sheer faces gleaming with cold light.

The name Grindelwald reminded me of places not far from my own home in Wales, though here the landscape was on a grander scale. Turning off the main road, I drove deeper into the valley — into what felt unmistakably like Rivendell.

The name Grindelwald reminded me of places not far from my own home in Wales, though here the landscape was on a grander scale. Turning off the main road, I drove deeper into the valley — into what felt unmistakably like Rivendell.

Riven Dale (3)

One of the things that strikes any visitor to Switzerland is how efficiently everything runs. The roads are smooth and orderly, trains seem to appear from nowhere, and infrastructure is woven cleverly into the landscape. Yet despite this sense of calm organisation, I felt a strange unease as the road narrowed and the valley walls rose higher around me — sheer rock faces climbing into the mist, silver birches clinging to the slopes, deep shadows pooling between them.

Also, another uneasy part of travelling to this destination was the sheer number of people. The roads were busy, walkers streamed in every direction, and helicopters flew in and out above the valley — reminding me of air traffic departing from London Gatwick. Surely this would not have been the case when Tolkien visited as a young man. In his time, Lauterbrunnen must have been a place of quiet isolation, where the only sounds were the waterfalls, the wind through the trees, and perhaps the scratch of his pen in a notebook.

Riven Dale (5)

Then, rounding a bend, I passed the sign for Lauterbrunnen. The valley opened up before me — waterfalls spilling down the cliffs, chalets tucked among trees, and the sound of water and wind mingling in the air. There was no mistaking it. I had arrived in Rivendell.

The Hypnosis of the Tripod

Over the last few years, I’ve seen various comments about people no longer using tripods. Perhaps making disparaging comments about them. I’ve never encouraged people to change their style of shooting and burn their tripods. There is no right way and no wrong way to make a photograph. Some people use a tripod because they have unsteady hands and find it impossible to take a sharp image without the steadying influence of a tripod. Some might feel a better connection to the landscape when they use a tripod. It slows them down, their breathing steadies, and they can relax and see clearly.

It might be that you're slowing down a shot. Perhaps slowing it down to a second or two. Maybe even a minute. Some. And I'll use David Ward here as a prime example, shoot the most beautiful landscapes in miniature. Everything sharp. Tilted and shifted to perfection. A tripod isn't just desired, it's essential. Others will take similar shots of minutiae that will require those dark arts known as focus stacking, and again, a tripod isn't essential.

But I do have a couple of tiny issues. Firstly. How do you set the tripod up in the first place? I live in quite a picturesque part of the world. There are often little groups of photographers dotted around our landscape. They usually stand side by side in a neat little row and have the tripods lined up in front of them. They are all set to eye height for the user. No ricked necks or creaky knees for them. Cameras aligned horizontally. It always makes me wonder who we are setting up the tripod for? Us? or the view? I’m a firm believer that there is one absolutely right place to take an image from. Perspective is king. You have to decide what that perspective is before you start extending the legs of that leggy thing. The right perspective is very rarely precisely at eye height.

Mark Littlejohn Tripods

Another problem is a tripod's ability to hypnotise its owner. I was on Luskentyre recently, and I saw an unknown photographer on the beach. Tripod set up facing the sea. There had been some nice light catching the curling waves. A wonderful luminance as they folded in upon themselves. But that light had paused, flickered and vanished. The gent, however, was still transfixed by the rear LCD screen of his camera. Oblivious to the views on either side of him.

Another problem is a tripod's ability to hypnotise its owner. I was on Luskentyre recently, and I saw an unknown photographer on the beach. Tripod set up facing the sea. There had been some nice light catching the curling waves.
Directly to his left, a sunlit squall was advancing over the sea, gorgeous lines in the sand extending out towards the darkness of that beautiful malevolence. It could have been that the squall was of no interest to him. He was perhaps only interested in waves. But what wonders he was missing.

I have no issue with setting up a tripod and then leaving it in the same space for prolonged periods of time. You might love a composition, and you're just waiting for that wondrous bit of light a la Julian Calverley. But step back from time to time. Remove your gaze from the back of the camera. Let your shoulders relax a little. Take a long, slow look around you. Over your left shoulder. Your right shoulder. I think a 35mm lens has a field of view of around 60 degrees. Much the same as your eyes. Which means that, thanks to the hypnotic effect of that three legged thing in front of you, you’re ignoring about 80% of the world around you. At the end of the day, all I’m saying is, keep the tripod, but use it wisely.

Don’t let the tail wag the dog.

End frame: Les Grandes Jorasses, by Pierre Tairraz

Do you have a favourite image that you would like to write an end frame on? We are always keen to get submissions, so please get in touch to discuss your idea. You can read all the previous end frame articles to get some ideas!


As so many others have written, the email from Charlotte asking me to contribute to the end frame series came as a surprise, a wonderful honour really, yet at the same time one that filled me with dread: how can I possibly choose a single image from so many that I’ve seen by world-class photographers, some of whom I am fortunate to know having participated in their workshops over many years.

Quite coincidentally, when Charlotte’s email came through, I had been rummaging through my own old family photos, some of which took me right back to 1968 when I had my first glacier hike with my parents in the Chamonix Alps. Both my parents loved camping holidays in the mountains, in fact, Dad was an accomplished mountaineer, having opened several new routes in the mid-late 1930s in the Austrian Alps and the Tatra Mountains in Poland and what is now Slovakia.

And that gave me the idea of choosing an image by Pierre Tairraz (1933 – 2000), a guide from the Tairraz family of Alpine guides in Chamonix. He had studied cinematography, but in my opinion was also a superb stills photographer of the High Alps, working mostly in Black & White. Many of his photos were exhibited in the Tairraz family shop: wonderful silver halide 16”x20” prints, with deep shadows yet controlled highlights.

4×4 Landscape Portfolios

Welcome to our 4x4 feature, which is a set of four mini landscape photography portfolios that have been submitted for publishing. Each portfolio consists of four images related in some way. Whether that's a location, a project, a theme or a story. See our previous submissions here.

Submit Your 4x4 Portfolio

Interested in submitting your work? We are always keen to get submissions, so please do get in touch!


Goran Prvulovic

Alberta’s Gold Beneath the Sky

Goran Prvulovic 4x4


Kate Snow

Mountains of Ice

Kate Snow 4x4 Master


Uwe Beutnagel-Buchner

Scotland's Native Woodlands

Uwe Beutnagel Buchner 4x4


Yasser Alaa Mobarak

El-Max Lighthouse in El-Max Region, West Alexandria, Egypt

Yasser Alaa Mobarak 4x4


El-Max Lighthouse in El-Max Region, West Alexandria, Egypt

Yasser Alaa Mobarak 4x4

El-Max Lighthouse in Alexandria stands as a quiet sentinel on the edge of the Mediterranean, where the sea meets history. During my recent visit, I had the chance to capture this timeless structure through my lens at three of the day’s most captivating moments—sunset, sunrise, and the magical blue hour. At sunset, the lighthouse glowed against a sky brushed with gold and crimson, while at sunrise, it stood serene under a soft blush of light. During the blue hour, just before night fully embraced the coast, the lighthouse became a silhouette of solitude and strength, framed by deep hues of indigo. Each moment offered a different story, revealing the enduring beauty and silent grace of El-Max Lighthouse.

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Scotland’s Native Woodlands

Uwe Beutnagel Buchner 4x4

These images are part of a running project which objective is to generate attention on preserving, rewilding and expanding native woodlands. It aims to support such activities of private people and organizations by trying to photographically convey the attractiveness, the wealth of species, but also the fragility of native woodlands. The hope is that the images will raise awareness and trigger a reflection in the viewer about what is possible, even in their own region. Scotland's Native Woodlands can serve as a good example here.

The photographs show glimpses of various native woodlands. They are intimate treescapes that show deeper impressions and details of the individual habitats rather than their embedding in the surrounding landscape. The aim is to draw the viewer into them and make him feel part of them.

The overall collection of photographs was taken over some years in several nature reserves, which has been identified by Scottish Forestry, a Scottish Government agency, based on the “Native Woodland Survey of Scotland”. The nature reserves are located

  • in the Highlands of Perthshire,
  • in the coastal areas of Argyllshire,
  • in the Beinn Eighe and Loch Maree Islands National Nature Reserve,
  • in the Affric Highlands, and
  • in the Cairngorms National Park, Strathspey and Deeside.

The term “native woodlands” generally refers to woodlands with trees and shrub species that have settled naturally, without human intervention. In Scotland, this happened after the last ice age around 9,000 years ago, when the seeds of these native trees were dispersed by wind, water and animals. As a result, extensive forests of oak, pine, birch, alder, ash, hazel, willow and other trees and shrubs formed. Depending on the topographical location and climatic conditions, different types of forest developed, including temperate rainforests in the warmer and wetter west of Scotland, Caledonian pinewoods in the Highlands and in the east of Scotland and birchwoods at cooler, higher altitudes and at wetter, lower altitudes.

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Dario Perizzolo – Portrait of a Photographer

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There are a few questions worth asking before we ever raise a camera to our eye. Who are we making photographs for, and why does that answer keep changing over time? What happens when the thrill of new gear or fleeting attention fades away? And perhaps most importantly, what role do we actually want photography to play in our lives, not just as image-makers, but as people moving through the world?

Like many creative paths, Dario’s began early and innocently. His first exposure to photography came not from chasing epic scenes or technical mastery, but from watching his mother make simple panoramic images during family trips to Italy.

These are not abstract questions for Dario Perizzolo. They sit at the center of his photographic journey, shaping not only what he photographs, but how photography has become integrated into his sense of purpose, community, and daily life. His images, often quiet, contemplative, and rooted in familiar landscapes, reflect a deeper recalibration, one that many photographers eventually face, whether they realize it or not.

Like many creative paths, Dario’s began early and innocently. His first exposure to photography came not from chasing epic scenes or technical mastery, but from watching his mother make simple panoramic images during family trips to Italy. They were humble constructions, film frames taped together and hung on the wall, but they carried something powerful. They were personal, tangible, and deeply meaningful. That early sense of magic lingered, even as photography remained mostly in the background through his younger years, present but not yet fully claimed.

Stillness. In Motion.

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I never set out to create a photographic project, and certainly not a book. If someone had told me in late 2020 that I’d soon be spending most of my days walking the countryside with a camera, making abstract images of wind-blown grasses and slow-rolling waves, I wouldn’t have believed them.

At the time, I was trying to navigate a sudden redundancy that had brought my thirty-six-year career in film production to an abrupt end. It meant not only financial uncertainty but also a deep sense of personal and professional loss. On top of that, the strangeness of lockdown cast its own uncertainty across daily life. For a while, I felt adrift. Yet in the midst of that turbulence, photography re-entered my life, and it quickly became my anchor.

Photography had always been a quiet passion, lingering in the margins of my busy working life. Within days of losing my job, I upgraded my camera, and within weeks, I had left London. Suddenly, I had time, and the countryside was on my doorstep. During lockdown, when travel was prohibited, the same fields, lanes and woodlands became my sanctuary.

Photographing every day in the same area challenged me to interpret the same places in different ways.

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I began to see differently. The landscape was unusually quiet, and within that stillness I became captivated by motion - not just ripples of water or grasses bending in the wind, but subtler gestures such as the sweep of a branch or the rise and fall of hills. I began experimenting with long exposures and moving the camera mid-shot, and became fascinated by how I could capture something of the ephemeral. At the time, I had no idea what I was doing in any formal sense.

I began to see differently. The landscape was unusually quiet, and within that stillness I became captivated by motion - not just ripples of water or grasses bending in the wind, but subtler gestures such as the sweep of a branch or the rise and fall of hills.

I hadn’t heard of intentional camera movement and was simply following instinct, excited by the potential in these blurred, gestural images. It was only much later, when someone commented “ICM?” on a photo I’d posted online, that I discovered it was actually a thing - a technique - after looking it up. That discovery gave a name to what I had already been exploring intuitively and encouraged me to push further into abstraction. I also began experimenting with multiple exposures, intrigued by how layering could expand the possibilities even more.

When lockdown finally lifted, and I was able to travel to the coast, it felt like breathing out after holding my breath for months. After so long walking the same paths near home, the sudden expanse of sea and sky was overwhelming in its freedom. The horizon seemed to stretch forever, and with it came a sense of release I’d been craving. I spent hours on the beach, entranced by the shifting tide and the motion of the sea. Long exposures smoothed the waves into flowing veils, and intentional camera movements transformed shoreline and sky into abstract bands of colour.

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Each frame felt like a discovery, a dialogue between myself, the sea, and chance. The excitement lay in seeing these images emerge, not as records of a place, but as expressions of how it felt to stand there - liberated, quietly elated, and beginning to glimpse where this exploration into motion might lead.

The excitement lay in seeing these images emerge, not as records of a place, but as expressions of how it felt to stand there - liberated, quietly elated, and beginning to glimpse where this exploration into motion might lead.

In many ways, it led me back to my beginnings. Looking back now, I realise my early training as a dancer left a lasting imprint on me; movement has become woven into the way I see the world and continues to shape how I engage with the landscape - and how I photograph it.

My photography became less about documenting what I saw and more about reflecting how I felt in nature. In time, I came to see that shift as both liberating and deeply restorative. The stillness of the countryside during lockdown was palpable, and within that wider quiet, I began to discover a stillness of my own. Looking through the viewfinder, I would lose myself, often entering a state of flow where everything else seemed to fall away. Photography offered a sense of calm not only when my own life had been upended, but also amid the wider upheaval of the world around me.

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As the months passed, a thread began to emerge. Though the landscapes and subjects varied, the images shared a common quality: a lyrical stillness born from motion. I began to gather them into small collections – Landscape in Motion, Coastal Flow, Grasses - each exploring different facets of movement. Over time, new groupings emerged: Flora, where I’m drawn to the way the structure of flowers suggests a kind of dance, and Woodland, which centres on the flow and interplay of branches and trees. What intrigued me most was the paradox that the images with the most movement often conveyed the deepest sense of quiet, transforming the commonplace into something poetic.

It would be another three years before I considered the possibility of a book. Like many photographic projects, it evolved organically rather than from a predetermined vision. When the collection reached a certain weight, I knew it could be more than a series of images on a website or in an exhibition. It could become something tangible, a cohesive narrative. I was thrilled when Kozu Books saw the potential of the work and offered me a publishing deal, guiding it into book form.

Like many photographic projects, it evolved organically rather than from a predetermined vision. When the collection reached a certain weight, I knew it could be more than a series of images on a website or in an exhibition. It could become something tangible, a cohesive narrative.

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Turning a collection of photographs into a book was exciting and rewarding, but it took time to find the right flow. The collections I had created became the foundation for the structure of the book, yet the sequencing went through many iterations, each change subtly shifting the mood and relationships between images. I enjoyed seeing how pairings across the pages could alter the nuance of the work and reveal new connections, though reaching that balance wasn’t always simple. Some of my favourite images didn’t make it into the final edit but letting them go became part of shaping something cohesive. After many rounds of adjustments, the book finally settled into a rhythm that felt authentic to the work and true to the way it had begun.

On reflection, the seeds of Stillness. In Motion were sown during those early lockdown walks. There was no grand idea at the outset; I was simply responding intuitively to what was in front of me, enjoying the serendipity of a practice where chance plays such an essential role. With ICM and multiple exposures, there is only so much you can control. That unpredictability was, and still is, a source of joy.

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One reason I am drawn to abstraction is that it leaves space for emotion. By stepping away from literal representation, I can create images that suggest rather than describe, inviting viewers to bring their own responses, shaped by memory and experience.

One reason I am drawn to abstraction is that it leaves space for emotion. By stepping away from literal representation, I can create images that suggest rather than describe, inviting viewers to bring their own responses, shaped by memory and experience.
The images are also an invitation to look more closely, to notice details in nature that might otherwise go unseen. Viewers often tell me the photographs feel poetic, peaceful and calming. Those responses matter deeply. The images begin with my own experience, but they become a meeting place where others can bring their own reflections and emotions.

Over time, I’ve come to see Stillness. In Motion. not as a project, but as a journey of discovery. It was born out of change, guided by intuition, and shaped by the landscape itself. There was never a plan, and that, I think, was essential. Each photograph was simply the result of being present in a moment, of paying attention, of letting chance play its part. The book gave form to that journey, but the practice remains open-ended - a way of seeing that continues to unfold.

Purchase Information

Stillness. In Motion is available from Sally's website or from Kozu Books, from £40.

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Gallery

Mountains of Ice

Kate Snow 4x4 Master

“Mountains of Ice” is a monochrome photographic series that explores the beauty of the world’s frozen mountainscapes. Through black and white imagery, the absence of colour is intentional: highlighting the form, contrast, and texture of ice and snow, and inviting viewers to contemplate not only the aesthetics of these remote landscapes but their vulnerability.

Shot in extreme environments, the series emphasises the majesty of places at the edges of the planet and that have been shaped over millennia. While beautiful to behold, the images also reflect the stark reality of our changing climate. By stripping away colour, the work underscores both the endurance and fragility of these landscapes, providing a quiet call for viewers to attain a renewed appreciation and desire to preserve these frozen landscapes.

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Alberta’s Gold Beneath the Sky

Goran Prvulovic 4x4

More than just mere farmland, Alberta’s yellow canola fields transform into a sight right out of a 20th-century impressionist painting. To the ordinary eye, the rolling hills of rural Alberta are an everyday sight. But sometimes, when the light and weather are just right, the canola fields become a veritable Von Gogh of colour and texture. The clouds overhead, casting ever-changing shadows like a celestial painter casting brushstrokes upon a canvas of yellow and green.

Moments like these are harder to find than you think. When you’re in the right place at the right time, when the sunlight’s just perfect, fields of ordinary canola and wheat become truly magical. Other times, a field is just a field, and the magic just isn’t there. You can drive hours and not find a perfect shot. But more often than not, right when you’ve given up and are heading home, the perfect shot seems to find you.

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Bill Ward

Bill is a photographer whose work is shaped by experience rather than observation alone. His images feel lived, and emotionally direct, often placing the viewer within the landscape rather than at a comfortable distance from it. Ward’s route into photography was anything but linear. After beginning his working life in advertising, where clarity of ideas and originality were paramount, he retrained as an actor and has since sustained a long and successful career on stage and screen. Photography emerged later as a necessary counterweight, a quieter, more solitary practice rooted in instinct, presence, and attention.

Immersive On Landscape Images © Bill Ward Photography (1 Of 11)

You began your working life as an advertising executive, then moved into a long and successful acting career, and now you are known for your landscape photography. Can you tell us more about that journey and how each stage led to the next?

Well, I’d like to say it’s been one long, seamless, meticulously planned voyage, but actually it’s all been way more haphazard than that, although it’s generally made a fair amount of sense at the time. A lot of it has been about following my nose, having a bit of a feeling, and then taking a very deep breath and trying to do something about it.

I worked for two of the big UK Ad Agencies, BBH and Saatchi & Saatchi, as an Account Director and Strategic Planner for a decade or so after coming out of University. I’ve got a History Degree, but I’d always been fascinated by adverts on the tele growing up. Human behaviour, what makes people do what they do, and why they do it, is essentially the raw material of both Advertising and History, also Acting, but we’ll come on to that!

I loved Advertising for the ideas, the purity of them in particular - having 30 seconds to tell a story as clearly and as concisely and memorably as you can. But it also taught me the importance of originality - the value of creativity and original thought.

I’d done loads of plays through school and university, and had loved the freedom of it, the self expression of it, the exploration of it. So I put myself through drama school when I was 32, came out when I was 33, and I’ve been an actor ever since.

I went travelling for a couple of years in my late 20’s and early 30’s,  there was so much of the world that I hadn’t seen, and I was feeling a little bit empty at the time and that I really needed to put something new and unexpected back in - and when I came back, I took the plunge and did the only other thing I’d ever truly wanted to do, which was be an actor. I’d done loads of plays through school and university, and had loved the freedom of it, the self expression of it, the exploration of it. So I put myself through drama school when I was 32, came out when I was 33, and I’ve been an actor ever since.

Without a plan to the Opal Coast

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Intimate landscape with different kinds of rocks, photographed on the beach at Cap Gris Nez. I used focus stacking to make the image completely sharp.

In October last year, I did something I hadn’t done in a long time: I took a (short) photo trip, without having a project in mind for which I would use the photos I took, and without concrete ideas for photos I would make. In other words, I ventured out completely unrestrained!

For many of you, this may be the standard way of traveling and photographing. That was how it used to be for me as well, in the years when I had just started nature- and landscape photography. But over the years, that has changed quite a bit. Nowadays, I basically always go out for a project. And if it isn’t an ongoing project, then it’s at least a scouting trip for a potential project.

I’ve actually found that working project-based gives me a lot of pleasure, that it changed the way I look at things, and that, at least I think and hope, it adds more depth to my work.
That doesn’t feel sad or limiting to me. I’ve actually found that working project-based gives me a lot of pleasure, that it changed the way I look at things, and that, at least I think and hope, it adds more depth to my work.

This is partly because you focus more precisely and intensely on a subject, and you delve into your subject more deeply, which eventually makes you notice and photograph things you wouldn’t otherwise notice. In addition, working with a clear goal gives me a sense of calm. In the past, I often wanted to do too many things at once, went out with an overfull photo backpack, and nearly panicked when the conditions were beautiful because there were so many possibilities. I also wanted to exploit all those possibilities and turn them into concrete photos. But in practice, this usually proved impossible and even led to frustration, because I would return home with many photos, but none of them really stood out. With a project in sight, it’s much easier to let other options fall away on a beautiful morning, so I work with much more calm and usually come home with better photos.

Eight Vignettes of Torridon

‘Vignette’
/viːˈnjɛt,vɪˈnjɛt/
Noun
1. a short graceful literary essay or sketch
2. a photograph, drawing, etc,
with edges that are shaded off ~Collins dictionary

The mountains of Torridon have a way of holding you at a distance. Sheer sandstone walls rise from the glen with an authority that resists easy capture. Its mountains are spoken of in reverent tones – Liathach, Beinn Alligin, Beinn Eighe – names that carry the same weight as their ridges and peaks. I was first made aware of these mountains three years ago, when my photographic journey began. Long before setting foot, I spent hours poring over maps and photographs, sketching out routes and viewpoints within this fabled range.

This early fascination made returning inevitable, but as a student, travel required planning and compromise. Scotland’s free bus travel scheme for under 22s offered me both an opportunity and a challenge.

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The network stretches far, from comfortable city coaches to old school buses rattling along the Highland roads. But Torridon lies on one of the most restrictive routes: just two buses in and out on Tuesdays and Saturdays, providing a strict time window. For me, reaching it requires three separate connections and around eight hours of travel from the central belt of Scotland. The journey north became a kind of pilgrimage in itself – a reminder that Torridon insists on patience and commitment, before even reaching the trailhead.

The idea of merely revisiting felt incomplete. I wanted to give the journey more purpose, something that would make the effort of reaching this remote range feel intentional. On that long ride I had time to refine my aim. I set myself a challenge: to create a single photograph for each of Torridon’s eight peaks within the Torridonian Forest locality.

Not simply a record shot or a summit view, but a photo that represented each mountain’s presence and character. This demanded a slower pace. Rather than chasing every viewpoint, I had to move with the rhythms of the weather, attentive to its shifts and silences.

Not simply a record shot or a summit view, but a photo that represented each mountain’s presence and character. This demanded a slower pace. Rather than chasing every viewpoint, I had to move with the rhythms of the weather, attentive to its shifts and silences.

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Backpacking gave me this freedom. With four days of food and shelter strapped to my back, I could linger when the conditions aligned, camp where the light lasted, or move on when the moment had passed. The weight of the pack was its own discipline, ensuring every stride was well measured, every stop deliberate, and every frame considered

Each mountain revealed itself differently – sometimes simply through waiting for the sun to be low enough for the right light, more often only after hours of mist or rain broke to let the light shape the landscape. What emerged was not just a record of a route, but a sequence of vignettes: eight mountains, eight photographs, each a fragment of Torridon’s story.

The word vignette feels fitting, suggesting both a short, graceful narrative and a technique for framing a scene. Together, they aim to form a portrait of Torridon – not complete, but true to the fleeting, elusive nature of this mountainous area.

Beinn Dearg – 914m

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Beginning with Beinn Dearg felt fitting. It is an understated mountain – just 73 centimetres shy of Munro status, yet without the reverence or footfall of Torridon’s more famous peaks.

Sitting in the very heart of the range, it became both the epicentre for photographing this landscape and the original focal point of the trip.

Beginning with Beinn Dearg felt fitting. It is an understated mountain – just 73 centimetres shy of Munro status, yet without the reverence or footfall of Torridon’s more famous peaks.

I spent three hours wandering among a minefield of erratics, searching for compositions, hoping to be calm and prepared when the light finally arrived. In reality, it was the opposite. As the sun neared the horizon, the scene shifted into something fleeting and unpredictable: deep blue clouds layered high above, while white, lower clouds swirled around the summits. Panic set in. I raced between my previously scouted locations, watching how the changing light transformed each frame. Nothing sufficed.

At last, I arrived at a spot just as the foreground was descending into shadow. Ideally, I would have placed this rock further to the left of frame so that it pointed inward, but compromise was impossible.

Instead, I leaned into what the moment offered. Shadow and sun worked together, pulling the eye from the corners of the frame towards that solitary stone, now separated from Beinn Dearg by a rising line of shadow. In that brief instant, the layering I had been searching for finally presented itself.

Baosbheinn – 875m

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The evening’s photography was far from finished. Having secured a frame of Beinn Dearg that felt strong enough, I turned my attention to Baosbheinn. With its long undulating spine, evoking the shape of a sleeping dragon, a faint wisp of cloud drifted from its summit like smoke.

I had climbed much of its ridge the previous day and carried with me a more personal sense of its place within the range. Baosbheinn is often treated as a lookout – a platform from which to admire the Torridon giants – rather than as a subject in its own right.

When composing the photograph, I let the light take the lead. The boulder field at my feet was chaotic, but within the disorder a group of rocks caught the sun and cast elongated shadows across the ground.
Yet under the westerly light of evening, its character shifted. The low sun traced along its corrugated cliffs, accentuating grooves and notches cut deep into sandstone, and it became impossible to look elsewhere.

When composing the photograph, I let the light take the lead. The boulder field at my feet was chaotic, but within the disorder a group of rocks caught the sun and cast elongated shadows across the ground.

Their rhythm echoed the ridgeline beyond. I was drawn to the possibility of creating a visual echo – foreground stones arranged

like a miniature replica of Baosbheinn’s peaks, pulling the eye from right to left. In that moment, the mountain ceased to be just a viewpoint for Torridon’s giants; instead, it revealed a quiet authority of its own, connected by the rocks that lie beneath it.

Liathach – 1023m

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I decided to save the privilege of traversing Liathach’s ridge for another trip, meaning I was only left to admire it from a distance, wishfully imagining the feeling of standing atop its peak. My glimpses of this mountain were handed in small portions.

However, when it did reveal itself, it was with great splendour. The light had drained from the surrounding mountains, leaving only a sharp, crimson glow clinging to the summit of Mullach an Rathain - one of the Munros of the Liathach ridge. Just as I thought the evening could offer nothing more, low cloud crept up behind the peak and began curling around the corner.

I worked quickly, using the converging lines of the surrounding mountains to draw the eye to Liathach, anchoring the composition with a foreground of neatly arranged rocks. Liathach’s grandeur was undeniable, even from afar. It was a mountain that revealed itself on its own terms as I was not to see its peaks for the rest of the trip, shrouded out by thick cloud.

Beinn an Eoin – 855m

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The following morning, the weather that was originally forecast caught up with me. My short stint of good fortune seemed to have ended as I trudged up the steep 440m ascent to Beinn Dearg’s first summit, rain showers sweeping across in relentless succession.

My short stint of good fortune seemed to have ended as I trudged up the steep 440m ascent to Beinn Dearg’s first summit, rain showers sweeping across in relentless succession.
Heavy rain with a slim chance of sun was promised, and halfway through day three I’d experienced both – yet still no rainbow. A naïve disappointment lingered; I’d been holding onto hopes far brighter than the reality suggested.

As I reached the first summit, another seemingly targeted squall passed over me and onwards to Beinn an Eoin. A sudden patch of light broke through, illuminating one of the many lochans scattered across the glen, chasing the downpour into the distance. With the sun behind me, I watched with growing intensity as this dynamic scene unfolded. This was the moment I had been waiting for.

Starved for time and with little in the way of foreground interest, I sprinted to a pair of rocks that provided the necessary balance in this scene. Anticipation and exhilaration rose in equal measure as the first arc of colour edged into view. Slowly, the rainbow unfurled from left to right, light fighting against shadow for a foothold on the landscape until the scene resolved in full, fleeting brilliance.

Beinn an Eoin was the stage for this transformation – proof that patience and persistence, even through adversity, can sometimes coax magic form the most reluctant skies.

Meall a’Ghiuthais – 887m

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At a loss for words after Beinn an Eoin, I wandered further along the ridge in search of capturing another mountain. I thought nothing I encountered would surpass what I had just witnessed.

Meall a’ Ghiuthais was always going to be one of the ‘make or break’ mountains for the success of this project. A solitary, stubby mountain which doesn’t immediately attract the eye.

At a loss for words after Beinn an Eoin, I wandered further along the ridge in search of capturing another mountain. I thought nothing I encountered would surpass what I had just witnessed.

This was a fortuitous encounter. Light and shadow once more wrestled above me, the cloud beginning to gain the upper hand as it swirled across the range, closing in on the surrounding mountains. In the distance, the sole-standing mountain was Meall a’ Ghiuthais – seemingly confined despite the vastness around it. I framed this photograph with striated rocks in the foreground, their lines pulling the eye into the centre and lending depth to its otherwise quiet presence.

At first, I dismissed the image. It felt forced, included only for the sake of the project and I questioned whether I would even have paused to take it on a regular trip. But the more I returned to it, the more it grew on me. I believe the reason I was doubting it, is part of the reason this image is just as special. A view and photograph that may be overlooked, but one that wouldn’t have been captured otherwise.

Beinn Alligin – 986m

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The cloud settled in for good as I made the final push towards the summit of Beinn Dearg. Rain came in swathes across the ridge, turning Torridon’s usually reliable sandstone slick and uncertain. As I scrambled down, I was halted by a formidable boulder – standing defiantly amongst the otherwise obedient line of rocks beneath it.

Space to work was scarce. The ridge narrowed to barely five metres, leaving little margin for error. Each footstep had to be precise as I edged into position, seeking to line up the chain of smaller rocks, circling around the dominant boulder.

The cloud settled in for good as I made the final push towards the summit of Beinn Dearg. Rain came in swathes across the ridge, turning Torridon’s usually reliable sandstone slick and uncertain.

Flow has always been central to how I approach composition: how the eye moves through an image, where it rests, what interrupts its journey. While this can be refined in post processing, the core components need to be present with the composition.

As I fought to keep the lens clear with fierce, oncoming rain, I managed to capture just two photos without blemishes of rain. Beinn Alligin offered me no abundance of images. Yet that scarcity gave it weight. It demanded patience, reminding me that these summits are not easily captured, and these types of moments are the memories that will linger longest. The cloud dropped and gripped tightly on the mountains for the majority of the next day.

Beinn Eighe – 976m

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This is the image that ended the stranglehold of cloud and rain. The end of the previous day, and much of the morning and afternoon, had been spent shrouded in low cloud, myself and the mountains both smothered.

I had timed my arrival perfectly. A reluctant shaft of light broke through, falling across the face of the mountain. It was a faint streak, but just enough to outline the ridges, emphasising its dominance.

Before arriving at this penultimate location, I had a formed a clear vision of what I wanted to capture. Most photographers (rightly so) tend to shoot the vast array of erratics that dominate this landscape, with the loch below acting as the natural progression to the mountain. But while scouring maps and conferring with satellite imagery, I noticed a river running from the loch’s mouth. This detail persisted in my mind. I walked its length, pausing to scout for rapids that would provide the right weight and energy to balance out the imposing cliffs.

I had timed my arrival perfectly. A reluctant shaft of light broke through, falling across the face of the mountain. It was a faint streak, but just enough to outline the ridges, emphasising its dominance. I knew which location I had to get to. This time there was no flustered running about in a panic, just a case of calmly hopping over the river back to this composition and making sure everything was in focus.

This was the most coherent scene on offer: rapids flowing in from the bottom right; complemented by evenly spaced boulders broken up by clumps of grass; all elements gently progressing towards the dominating Triple Buttress, holding the attention. After a day of silence and concealment, Beinn Eighe offered a single moment of clarity – the perseverance paying off.

Beinn a’ Chearcaill – 725m

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Once the fleeting light on Beinn Eighe had faded, I boiled up a quick pot noodle by the river. It was then, almost absentmindedly, that I noticed a single, narrow strand of light sweeping across the landscape. Just ten metres downstream from the last vantage point – but facing in the opposite direction – Beinn a' Chearcaill was waiting.

Once the fleeting light on Beinn Eighe had faded, I boiled up a quick pot noodle by the river. It was then, almost absentmindedly, that I noticed a single, narrow strand of light sweeping across the landscape.

I had already made one attempt at photographing this mountain during the frenzy of rainbows the previous day. In my haste, I forced two boulders into the foreground, creating an image with no purpose and no real connection.

It was the only time this mountain had presented itself and I was blinded by the rainbow, not putting any thought into the process. It was simply instinct. Ever since, I’d been quietly disappointed, rehearsing how I might explain the unimaginative result.

This sliver of light felt like a reprieve, a chance to correct my previous falter. By the fourth afternoon, fatigue had set in, yet this was the most alert I had been. Every other mountain was accounted for, but this one remained unresolved.

I worked quickly, centring the composition around a commanding boulder being held in an enclave of the river. All movement in the frame seemed to converge – lines of rock, water, and shadow – pulling the eye inexorably toward the light illuminating Beinn a Chearcaill.

A Dialogue with the Mountains

This photographic challenge shaped the trip, forcing me into a slower, more deliberate rhythm than my usual approach. At first, I found myself in a familiar cycle – racing from one composition to another, as if with tunnel vision. But along the way, that urgency gave way to patience and acceptance of the conditions. Shooting with an end goal in mind meant looking at scenes I might otherwise have ignored, noticing the quieter authority of the smaller peaks, often revealed with passing light.

These may not be the single “best” images I made in Torridon – due to the partial constraints of the challenge – but they feel like the truest representation of these mountains. Eight mountains in four days, each asserting its own character through light, weather, and form. Some demanded effort and persistence, others gave themselves generously, but all carried equal weight in shaping the story.

Presented chronologically, the images not only reflect the range’s often volatile microclimate, but also the shift in my own process – from hurried reaction to a more intentional dialogue with the landscape.

End frame: “Maple and Birch Trunk & Oak Leaves” by Eliot Porter

For as long as I have photographed ‘seriously’, I have been a fan of Eliot Porter, the American photographer. There are thousands of wonderful images in the numerous books he has published. I might, for example, have chosen one from the ground-breaking In Wildness is the Preservation of the World (1962) with quotations by Thoreau or the Glen Canyon portfolio (see later). But I chose this because it is a mysterious image and also because my wife and I are fortunate enough to own a signed dye transfer print of this image. In a room hung with many fine monochrome photographs, only this one is in colour. And what colour! There are the warm oak leaves of a New England Fall, lively greens, deep near-blacks, and the bright almost whites of trunks that flank the centre of the image.

Clearly, I am not alone in admiring this image, even here in Sheffield. In 2016, Adam Long chose this photograph in an end frame article, having seen it on the wall of a climber’s pub, whose walls were adorned with framed landscape photographs. Adam describes this as a ‘big print’, but the original is not big at all, just 34 x 27 cm, typical of Porter’s dye transfers. I’m not a fan of big prints.

Intimate Landscapes Cut from an Infinite Tapestry

It is sometimes said that a photograph should have a prominent point of interest. Camera club judges sometimes ask, “What am I supposed to be looking at?” as a way of criticizing images that do not have such a point of interest. But isn't that an arbitrary requirement like the so-called “rule of thirds"? Photographer John Wawrzonek thinks so. “In most images, I deliberately avoid a prominent point of interest. I want the viewer to explore the image and to see the wonders of the details of nature."

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SmallJuniper Haircap Moss, Wachusett Reservoir, May 1994, cat. 4148

Wawrzonek is a master of the intimate landscape. Since the 1980's, he has been shooting colorful small scenes, images of ground cover, pond plants, reeds, and frost-covered foliage. He has also photographed larger scenes, but usually with no prominent point of interest. William Neill has called Wawrzonek “one of the greatest landscape photographers of our time.” In an "On Landscape" interview, Claude Fiddler said Wawrzonek was one of the two photographers who most influenced him. Yet Wawrzonek, who is now 84, is little-known.

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Small-Singular Luminary, Ledges Trail, Baxter State Park, Maine, October 1988, cat. 0265

I just recently discovered his work. I happened to pick up one of his photo books at a hiking lodge and was blown away by some of the images. Wanting to see and learn more, I purchased his books (used because they are out of print), looked for his website, and gave him a call.

Like Ansel Adams, music was John's first love. He came from a musical household, learned to play the piano by the age of eight, and accompanied his father, who played violin. By his teens, he was an audiophile. At MIT, where he studied electrical engineering, his faculty advisor, Amar Bose, offered him a job as employee number five at his startup audio equipment company, now the famous Bose Corporation. Making music and making recorded music sound good was a precursor to his next profession, taking photographs and making high quality prints.

Wawrzonek loved color and at the time he started shooting, dye transfer was the only way to print brilliant color and control contrast, saturation, and brightness.

In 1974, while working at Bose, John bought a 4x5 view camera. At first, he did some fairly conventional landscape photography on travels out West, large scenes, mountains, waterfalls, the usual stuff. "Two lessons emerged: you had to go often to the same place to be on site when something special was happening, usually with the weather, and you needed time to explore. This meant shooting close to home." He also wanted to chart his own path. "I didn’t want my images to look familiar, and that implied no lessons but rather experimentation.... I began without a clear idea of what I wanted to photograph, except that I did not want it to be the usual places, the recognizable iconic views predominately in the West."

While he deliberately did not study photography formally, John did attend exhibitions. In 1977, he went to Eliot Porter's "Intimate Landscapes" exhibit in New York. Porter's was the first solo exhibition of color photographs ever presented at The Metropolitan Museum of Art. A pioneer in color photography, he was one of the earliest adopters of Kodachrome, the first widely available color film, and dye transfer printing, which had been developed in the 1930s for technicolor films. Many photographers at the time were skeptical of color, including Ansel Adams, who thought of it as purely realistic, not expressive.

Wawrzonek loved color and at the time he started shooting, dye transfer was the only way to print brilliant color and control contrast, saturation, and brightness. It was an extremely complex, labor intensive, and sensitive process, but with his technical background and the help of an assistant, John built his own print lab.

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Low-bush Blueberry with Frost (detail), Wilson Corner, Ellsworth, Maine, October 1993

Another influence was Impressionist paintings. "I had attended every impressionist exhibit that came my way, but there was one, 'A Day In The Country', that was the show of shows." He especially liked the paintings of Claude Monet, the founder of Impressionism. Monet was famous for his many pictures of colourful lily ponds and haystacks. "Now I had an idea," writes Wawrzonek. "With a view camera on my back, the paintings of impressionists told me to look where other photographers had not, and to...let the nature of my New England home take me where it would. And it did."

He especially liked the paintings of Claude Monet, the founder of Impressionism. Monet was famous for his many pictures of colorful Lilly ponds and haystacks.

4 Haystacks At Giverny Claude Monet

Haystacks at Giverny, Claude Monet

5 Water Lillies Claude Monet

Water lilies, 1916, Claude Monet

Wawrzonek experienced a breakthrough one day in the Spring of 1981 when he discovered a particular view of some trees. "It happened that the only place to photograph these trees was from elevated portions of Interstate 90 a few miles west of Boston. This was a unique vantage point that placed me as high as the tree canopy as well as close enough to photograph. The trees in early spring became a pointillist ensemble of buds of various colors, some as brilliant as leaves in the fall."

Peak Color

Peak Color, Interstate Highway 90, Weston, Massachusetts, May 1982 cat. 4839

"These images led me to seek other places and subjects where an ensemble of texture and color was the heart of the image.... I was amazed at what I found along major highways and ordinary roadsides. Without a distinct subject, the image often became something of a tapestry, seeming to extend without limits." This notion of a tapestry that extends without limits became a central feature of Wawrzonek's style. “Images contain a horizon only if it contributes to completing the composition. I also try to make the image extend without diminution from corner to corner, as if cut from an infinite tapestry.”

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Pine Needle, Leaves & Black Water, Near Interstate-93, New Hampshire, October 1993, cat. 3998

Eliot Porter had a similar idea he expressed in a different way. "Photography of nature tends to be either centripetal or centrifugal. In the former, all elements of the picture converge toward a central point of interest to which the eye is repeatedly drawn. The centrifugal photograph is a more lively composition, like a sunburst, in which the eye is drawn to the corners and edges of the picture: the observer is thereby forced to consider what the photographer excluded in his selection."

Not only intimate landscapes in general, but also this particular kind of image, a small scene that extends without limits, has become popular among photographers in recent years. In his focus on "infinite tapestry" and shooting locally at a time when large scenes in iconic locations were more in vogue, Wawrzonek was ahead of his time.

In his focus on "infinite tapestry" and shooting locally at a time when large scenes in iconic locations were more in vogue, Wawrzonek was ahead of his time.

9 Red Blueberry

Red Blueberry

Another idea resonated with and reinforced Wawrzonek's interest in photographing locally, the notion of the "hidden nearby," which he derived from this passage in John Hansen Mitchell's book, "Ceremonial Time": "Wilderness and wildlife, history, life itself, for that matter, is something that takes place somewhere else, it seems. You must travel to witness it, you must get in your car in summer and go off to look at things which some ‘expert,’ such as the National Park Service, tells you is important or beautiful, or historic. In spite of their admitted grandeur, I find such well-documented places somewhat boring. What I prefer, and the thing that is the subject of this book, is that undiscovered country of the nearby, the secret world that lurks beyond the night windows and at the fringes of cultivated back yards.” This quote inspired Wawrzonek to write the following verse: “Out of the corner of my eye, in the ‘Hidden World of the Nearby,’ untended Gardens Thrive, Or pass from time Unnoticed.”

Another idea resonated with and reinforced Wawrzonek's interest in photographing locally, the notion of the "hidden nearby," which he derived from this passage in John Hansen Mitchell's book, "Ceremonial Time"

"The message of being aware," John writes, "being conscious of that which is nearby but hidden, is one of the most important guides to life as well as to photography. It took me over a decade of photographing to realize that I had to have an open mind, a mind without preconceptions, to see when I looked." Wawrzonek later used "The Hidden World of the Nearby" as the title of one of his exhibits.

Wawrzonek photographed throughout New England as well as the Great Smokey Mountains and further south, but some of his most memorable photography experiences were by the sides of nearby highways and roads, as well as at Walden Pond in Concord, Massachusetts not far from where he lived, and in Acadia National Park in Maine.

Eliot Porter had used selections from Henry David Thoreau, famous for his sojourn at Walden Pond, in his 1962 Sierra Club photo book, "In Wildness Is the Preservation of the World". Decades later, colleagues of Wawrzonek's wife, who worked for the parks department, suggested that John photograph at Walden Pond. This led to eleven years shooting at and near Walden Pond and two books containing selections from Thoreau, "Walking" in 1994 and "The Illuminated Walden" in 2002. Thoreau's observations fit well with both photographers' attention to nature up close, as well as Wawrzonek's notion of the hidden nearby. Thoreau believed that beauty is often hidden in plain sight, concealed from us by inattention. We fail to notice not because nature is distant, but because we are not truly awake to it.

Nature will bear the closest inspection. She invites us to lay our eye level with her smallest leaf, and take an insect view of its plain. ~Henry David Thoreau, Journal, October 22, 1839

A particular meadow that Wawrzonek came upon near where Thoreau's cabin had been was a revelation. "When I stumbled on Wyman's Meadow, I went bananas." he says. What he found there was a vernal pond (a temporary shallow pool) with violet and green Water shields floating on the surface. Water shields resemble lilies but are actually a different species. Orange and yellow reflections from the sun and trees behind the pond added a beautiful glow complementing the water shields. Wawrzonek shot a whole box of sheet film that day. Although he returned many times over the next 10 years, those conditions never recurred.

10 Water Shields With Reflections Wyman’s Meadow Walden

Water-Shields With Reflections, Wyman’s Meadow, Walden

Another vernal pond, Upper Hadlock Pond, beside a road in Acadia National Park in Maine, was also a favorite location. Wawrzonek discovered it on his first trip to Maine and visited it whenever he returned. It contained a patch of yellow, orange and green reeds that "has come to feel almost like family". It was windy on the day he found it. At first he was bothered by the wind, but then he realized the wind created "a kind of dance in which I participate." And on quiet days,"the reeds just line up to show their fall colors," reminding him of Monet’s haystacks.

Another vernal pond, Upper Hadlock Pond, beside a road in Acadia National Park in Maine, was also a favorite location. Wawrzonek discovered it on his first trip to Maine and visited it whenever he returned.

Reeds, Wind And Water Ii

Wind and Water II (Upper Hadlock Pond)

Wawrzonek made very large prints of his Hadlock Pond photos showing the reeds in great detail. By the late '80s, he had gained a reputation for exceptional prints, and his print lab and gallery had become a successful business. Wawrzonek made much larger prints than were typical at the time. Unlike Porter, who considered prints larger than 16" x 20" to be wallpaper, John developed prints at sizes that were almost unheard of at the time. People told him they wouldn't sell, but they did. Over time, he sold prints to many hospitals, banks, corporations, and celebrities. In 1987, he printed and sold a portfolio of Porter's photographs chosen by Porter himself, sized 32" x 40".

12 Upper Hadlock Pond Installation

Upper Hadlock Pond Installation

When printing, Wawrzonek routinely made adjustments to contrast, saturation, and brightness. "This kind of manipulation is straightforward today," he writes, "but in 1983 when the photograph [below] was made, there was no Photoshop to fall back on, and so my reliance on dye transfer printing paid enormous dividends." In the example below, when shooting the image, he deliberately underexposed because he was photographing into the sun. When printing, he opened the shadows.

13 Spring Sunrise Exit 11 Interstate 90 Millbury Mass.

Spring Sunrise, Exit 11, Interstate 90, Millbury, Mass

By 2005, Wawrzonek had switched entirely to digital photography and printing. After 30 years of landscape photography, he moved on, creating some outstanding floral work in his "infinite tapestry" style. Then, using Photoshop, he turned photographs of musical instruments into tapestries he called "lightsongs". In a sense, he was returning to his roots in music.

14 Melange Installation

Melange Installation

10 Blue Blazer 2238 For 23b +red+m Jw 6032 44 New Background Resized Foreground Recovered X2

Lightsong

The days when people only saw a photographer's work as prints on a wall faded with the rise of the internet, and John began working on a website. But for years, it remained a sprawling work in progress, which may be one reason he is not well-known today.

The days when people only saw a photographer's work as prints on a wall faded with the rise of the internet, and John began working on a website. But for years, it remained a sprawling work in progress, which may be one reason he is not well-known today.

John created another website as well, called "Caring For the Earth". His sensitivity to ecological and political crises goes back decades. Realizing that no effective action was being taken on climate change, he used this website to argue for wartime level investment in carbon capture along with an urgent effort to reduce emissions to zero. As an engineer who knows something about risk, he said, you plan for the worst case.

As time went on John came to feel that no one was listening, and the situation was hopeless. On top of that, Trump came to power. John had recognized the man for what he is back when Trump spread lies about Obama's birthplace. Now, as President, "Trump is showing us what he is made of. His poisonous brain is dismantling America. An insatiable longing for recognition, a monster who knows he is worthless...he will violate every legal and moral principle to get what he wants. If the Supreme Court does not stop him, it will be the end of America and possibly the destruction of the earth.... He will stop at nothing to fill the void that is his soul." John was talking here about the good old days of Trump's first term. But John was prescient. He knew what was coming. Sadly, this was enough to drive him into a very dark place, disturbing his sleep. His family worried and encouraged him to lay off the politics for his own good and return his attention to photography. He is now busy creating a new, simpler photography website.

If you'd like to get in touch with John for any prints or questions, please send John an email directly.

16 Untitled

Pond on Fire, Webster Street, Worcester, Massachusetts

Stream With Rocks And Leaves

Stream with Rocks and Leaves, Cambridge, Vermont, October 1977 cat. 0487

Water Shields And Oak Leaves Ii,

Water shields and Oak Leaves II, Wyman’s Meadow, Walden Pond State Reservation, Concord, Massachusetts, October 1991 cat. 06321919

Lichens And Teaberry Leaves

Lichens and Teaberry Leaves, Acadia National Park, Maine, September 1990 cat. 0397

References

Bibliography

  • John Wawrzonek, Walking: An Abridgement of the essay by Henry David Thoreau, The Nature Company, Berkeley, 1993
  • John J. Wawrzonek, The Illuminated Walden: In the Footsteps of Thoreau, 2002, edited by Dr. Ronald A. Bosco, President, The Thoreau Society
  • John Wawrzonek, The Hidden World of the Nearby: an unexpected intimacy, Images from the Exhibit at Olin College, Needham, Massachusetts, February-May, 2014
  • Eliot Porter, Intimate Landscapes, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1979
  • Eliot Porter, "In Wildness Is the Preservation of the World," Sierra Club Books, 1962
  • Video of and about Wawrzonek: an artist profile, cinematography by Claude Fiddler

Shelters

“Shelters” is a documentary series of photographs that examines the visual parallels between World War II sea defences on the Moray and East Highland Coast and a unique, man-made driftwood structure previously located at the mouth of the River Spey.

This project was first exhibited at Eden Court Theatre on the Flow Photofest Wall from July 20th to September 13th, 2025. Captured on film and hand-printed on silver gelatine fibre-based paper at the Inverness Darkroom, where I am a member, the exhibition presents two series of images in parallel. This comparison highlights surprising similarities in form and features between the robust military structures and the organic driftwood sculpture, despite their differing origins. A poignant meditation on the concept of refuge, the project explores how two very different types of "shelters" stand against the relentless forces of nature and time.

1a

“Shelters” is a documentary series of photographs that examines the visual parallels between World War II sea defences on the Moray and East Highland Coast and a unique, man-made driftwood structure previously located at the mouth of the River Spey.

1b

The Inspiration Behind "Shelters"

The inspiration for "Shelters" began in the Summer of 2024. I was taken to see a unique structure at the mouth of the River Spey at Garmouth, Moray: a massive beach hut, constructed from a collection of driftwood, boat pieces, and washed-up items. Built by a family during the COVID-19 lockdowns, the hut became a local community feature; a testament to the human desire to create refuge and find freedom in difficult times. In the bizarre driftwood structure, I saw the childhood dream of a fort or den, the kind I built as a child by placing broken branches on the ground to create rooms, and building the walls and roof with my imagination, but, instead, this was reality.

I was taken to see a unique structure at the mouth of the River Spey at Garmouth, Moray: a massive beach hut, constructed from a collection of driftwood, boat pieces, and washed-up items.
I think about how different this family's COVID-19 experience would have been from mine and many other people's. During this time, they had something as a family to focus on and work together to take their mind off the situation we found ourselves in. And then, after the lockdowns, they had something that stood as testament to their efforts.

Just yards away from this organic creation, I discovered a crumbling World War II pillbox, slowly surrendering to the sea. This striking juxtaposition sparked an idea. I began to see connections between the two structures. Despite their different origins—one a military fortification and the other a communal gathering place—both were built to withstand a threat, and both were ultimately temporary. Standing on a coastline plagued by coastal erosion from the North Sea, both the pillbox and the driftwood hut were destined to give in to the same waves. This shared fate became the central theme of my project.

2a 2b

From Idea to Reality

With support from a Creative Scotland Visual Artists and Craft Makers Award (VACMA), I formally began the project in December 2024. I initially planned to use a 4x5 camera, but soon discovered the slow, deliberate process was not working for me. Instead, I turned to a Hasselblad 500cm. Although retaining the slow nature of film, it allowed me the freedom to work handheld in and around the structures.

My photography comes to life when I work with others, especially those who share my passion and drive for creativity.

I initially planned to use a 4x5 camera, but soon discovered the slow, deliberate process was not working for me. Instead, I turned to a Hasselblad 500cm.
Shona Graham-Taylor, a fellow photographer and ever-present partner in crime, is always by my side in the field and in the Darkroom. While we have distinct, personal styles, we've developed a vital co-dependence. We help each other maintain focus and stay on task, and together we plan our days to ensure we both leave with the images we set out to capture. We're each independent artists, but having a partner makes the challenging days—the long walks and persistent rain—so much more enjoyable.

We visited the beach hut on three occasions: 1st and 31st of December 2024, and 5th of January 2025. Over this period, the north of Scotland was battered by harsh winds as Storm Darragh raged across the UK. Over the course of five days, the waves slowly devoured the beach hut: on 31 December, half of the structure was in the water, and, by 5 January, nothing was left but debris. I chose not to show too much of this deterioration in the exhibition; I plan to work on that aspect of the project, going back out to the WWII structures featured to record changes and continue the story of erosion from the waves and the wind with a view to producing a zine or larger exhibition over the next year.
Capturing the Details

3a

I find myself drawn to the details in a scene—the cracks in a wall, a small plant growing in a bizarre place. When I'm out shooting, I often start with a more traditional, wide landscape shot. But these images rarely resonate with me. It’s when I start moving around the scene and getting closer that I begin to see the compositions in my mind. My Hasselblad helps me frame these more intimate shots. Working with black and white film has allowed me to better understand and capture the way tones, shadows, and highlights shape a photograph.

When visiting the beach hut, I found myself drawn to capturing the layers of waste that had been used to build the walls and roof of the structure. In one of the images exhibited, I was attracted to a ‘Caution Busy Road’ sign that must have found its way to the shore.

From January to March 2025, I began visiting WW1 and WW2 sites along the Moray coast, photographing pillboxes near Garmouth, which I had discovered during my initial visit to the beach hut.
I imagined where it had come from and the journey it had taken to find itself part of the beach hut. I use the camera to explore the space, seeing where the light falls and the patterns it creates. I would first compose my image and meter the scene; before pressing the trigger I consider how the image will look, my attachment to it, and what effect it has on me. Sometimes, I walk away. When exploring a space, I’m looking for images that tell the viewer something or leave them asking themselves a question.

From January to March 2025, I began visiting WW1 and WW2 sites along the Moray coast, photographing pillboxes near Garmouth, which I had discovered during my initial visit to the beach hut. Then the famous blocks and station points in the Lossiemouth woods, also captured by Marc Wilson , which were built by the exiled Polish Army Engineer Corps living in Scotland during the war . A radar station and a gun emplacement on Nigg Hill overlook the mouth of the Cromarty Firth. During both World Wars, the Cromarty Firth has had huge importance as one of Britain's deepest enclosed ports. WW1 housed the fleet, and WW2 served as a fuel depot . Shona and I also visited the famous, massive Inchindown fuel storage tanks, built into the hillside above Invergordon. This couldn't be included in the series, as unlike David Allen and Simon Riddell, I wasn't keen on taking my camera into the dark oil-covered tanks.

3b

In the Darkroom

I started working with film in the late 2000s while studying Higher Photography at school, where I worked in a basic darkroom. As time moved on, I found myself exploring film again in 2021. I joined The Inverness Darkroom in 2022 and quickly transitioned from 35mm to 645, then to 6x6. Working with film has dramatically changed my practice. With only 12 images per roll of 120 film, every frame has to be carefully considered.

I joined The Inverness Darkroom in 2022 and quickly transitioned from 35mm to 645, then to 6x6. Working with film has dramatically changed my practice. With only 12 images per roll of 120 film, every frame has to be carefully considered.
For this project, I worked almost exclusively with Ilford FP4. As a member of the Inverness Darkroom, I hand-developed the films and printed the images myself. Handling the film and paper whilst developing images helps me take ownership and feel connected with them.

For this exhibition, I used Agfa Multigrade Fibre-based paper. The paper has a unique creamy base that gives my images a richness and depth that is often lost on other papers. I print using a Durst CLS 500 with negative carriers that have been filled out to enable the whole of the frame to be printed, showing the edges. Some view this as a photographer’s conceit; I view this as a challenge to get it right in camera.

4a

The Exhibition

The first exhibition, which took place on the FLOW photofest wall at Eden Court Theatre, presents the two series in parallel, one above the other, inviting viewers to draw their own connections between these surprising and powerful “shelters.” Eden Court is the largest multi-arts venue in Scotland, based in Inverness, the capital of the Highlands. Since the inception of the project and arranging exhibition space, I have become more involved with Flow Photofest, becoming an intern of Flow.

What’s Next

I continue to explore the Moray and East Highland coast, documenting former World War I and II buildings, runways, and other military relics. The "Shelters" series is a compelling look at the visual echoes of our past and the fleeting nature of our present, all captured through the timeless art of film photography. The beach hut structure built during COVID has washed away, lost to time, except for the images captured by me and countless others who visited the coast.

Andrew Mielzynski

1 Onlandscape Aspen Leaves And Grasses

For this issue, we’re catching up with Andrew Mielzynski, the Natural Landscape Photography Awards’ Photographer of the Year 2024, and the International Landscape Photographer of the Year 2024. Andrew’s practice is rooted close to home in the varied landscapes of Ontario, Canada.

From capturing dynamic sports through street photography to seeking quiet contemplative scenes, Andrew has maintained his enthusiasm for being out with a camera in all weathers. His deliberate and thoughtful methodology often focuses on small, accessible vignettes which have proven to be a sound foundation for his internationally recognised portfolio.

Tell us a little about yourself, Andrew – where did you grow up, what early interests did you have, and what did you go on to do?

I grew up in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. My parents worked very hard, and my two brothers and I were extremely lucky to have a small cottage on Georgian Bay. The Bay is part of the Great Lakes that Canada and the U.S. share. Our cottage faced west, and the sunsets there are spectacular. My mother had a small film camera, and she loved to capture the light at the end of the day, but it wasn’t until a friend of the family showed up with his film Minolta that I really fell in love with photography. I was 12 years old, and our friend, Frank, set up the camera so all I had to do was press the shutter. I managed to make three photographs, and a couple of weeks later Frank showed up with three prints, one of a sunset, one of a couple of flying ducks and one of a frog. They were out of focus and nothing special, but I was amazed that I had made these, and I was hooked!!! I still have these incredible works of art. In those days, very few 12-year-olds had a camera, and I had to wait until I was finished university to buy my first film SLR, a Nikon FA.

Any Questions, with special guest Simon Baxter

The premise of our podcast is loosely based on Radio Four's “Any Questions.” Joe Cornish (or Mark Littlejohn) and I (Tim Parkin) invite a special guest to each show and solicit questions from our subscribers.

In this episode, Tim Parkin talks to Simon Baxter and Joe Cornish about the intricate relationship between mindset, expectations, and the art of woodland photography. All the more relevant because of a new exhibition and book Joe and Simon have produced called "All the Woods a Stage".

Read more:

Michael Kenna’s Darkroom Diaries

In the final of five chapters serialising Michael Kenna’s Darkroom Diaries, Michael explains how his prints are mounted, matted, signed, numbered, dated and framed.

Read the previous articles in this series:

Luke Whitaker


In most definitions of print making, a print is defined as an exactly reproducible image where print #1 is identical to print #100, except for any wear and tear on the plate. It is perhaps possible to do this with pigment printing. However, it is certainly not possible with silver gelatin printing where there are too many variables at play: changes in paper batch and quality, different enlarger light sources, variations in chemical temperatures and strengths over time, subtle differences in burning and dodging, and the quality and quantity of hand retouching.

However, probably the biggest variable is the artist’s view of his own work. The hand, eye and mind have a great say in the making of a photographic print. Each silver print made is unique, as there will always be some differences from print to print. I will also emphasise again that there is no one right way, or even a best way to print any negative. A print is not and should not be the work of a mechanical automaton. Ansel Adams used an analogy of music, suggesting that the negative is the score and the print is the performance. A musical score constantly conducted and performed in the same way can become somewhat tedious. I

do not make exact duplicate prints of those I have made previously. Rather, each print serves as a stepping off point for the next. Variation, innovation, creativity gives life and spice to music and printmaking. I keep one or two master prints from each printing session as starting points for if/when I make reprints. These are the Artist Proofs.

As with the whole printing process so far, there are also innumerable subjective possibilities, with both technical and aesthetic considerations, of how a finished print is presented. I will restrict my observations to the personal choices that I have made along the way. For several reasons, I limit the amount and size of prints I make from any one negative. My standard edition since 1980 has been 45 prints and 4 Artist Proofs.

Of course, I might not actually make that many prints as it ultimately depends on how many prints sell, but it is the maximum number of prints I would make from any one negative. In 2017, mainly due to time constraints, I reduced the edition to 25 and 3 Artist Proofs for all new work. The print size for both the editions of 45 and 25 is about 7 3/4 inches square for 120 negatives or 6x9 inches for 35mm negatives. Prints are subsequently mounted and matted on 16x20 inch vertical white museum board (4-ply back, 2-ply front). I prefer the fine line of the 2-ply window to the thicker and more often used 4-ply. Prints are signed, dated and numbered below the print.

Pont Des Arts, Study 3, Paris, France. 1987

Pont des Arts, Study 3, Paris, France. 1987 © Michael Kenna

They are also stamped, titled, numbered, negative dated, print dated, and signed on the back of the mounting board. I have used this presentation for some 50 years, which has enabled me to build up a large body of work, almost like a family. In current exhibitions of my work, I have the luxury of comfortably exhibiting prints made at the beginning of my career alongside more the contemporary prints - which I rather like.

Reflecting on 50 years of silver gelatin printing, a somewhat arduous, slow and painstaking process, I believe the final prints have made the journey all very well worthwhile.

Reflecting on 50 years of silver gelatin printing, a somewhat arduous, slow and painstaking process, I believe the final prints have made the journey all very well worthwhile. Images, embedded in the gelatin, have been transformed in an almost alchemical process into three- dimensional precious jewel-like prints. Of course, machine made pigment prints are of excellent quality, but, at least for me, silver prints remain the gold standard in photography. It is also comforting to know that these prints are made to archival standards which means they should well outlast myself and collectors. I keep records of every print I have signed and editioned, and have prints which I made 50 years ago that are as good today as when I first made them.


At Bosham Gallery, Michael Kenna’s mounted prints are framed in a flat-fronted 15mm wide hand painted black wooden frame moulding which is 25 mm deep and includes museum art glass. This glass has three benefits, it is neutral in colour and so faithful to the tones of Michael’s original artwork, it is anti-reflective thus allowing the viewer to enjoy the work once hung from all angles within a room, and it cuts out 99% of the UV radiation at the critical range, thus ensuring the print will not fade.
Provenance Of Pont Des Arts, Study 3, Paris, France. 1987 By Michael Kenna 1 Of 4

Michael Kenna signs and editions each mountboard below the print and includes the year the photograph was made after his signature.

Michael Kenna signs and editions each mountboard below the print and includes the year the photograph was made after his signature.

Provenance Of Pont Des Arts, Study 3, Paris, France. 1987 By Michael Kenna 2 Of 4

On the reverse of each 16x20 inch mountboard Kenna includes the photograph’s title, the year the photograph was made, the year the print was made, the edition number, the edition size and artist signature.

Provenance Of Pont Des Arts, Study 3, Paris, France. 1987 By Michael Kenna 3 Of 4

Silver gelatin prints are matted and mounted on archival 16x20 inch mountboard and framed in a 15mm wide hand-painted black wooden frame moulding behind museum glass.

Pont Des Arts Study 3 Paris 1987 © Michael Kenna Framed

Pont Des Arts, Study 3, Paris, France.
1987 Limited Edition of 45 Prints
1 7.75 x 7.75” Silver Gelatin Print
116 x 20” Mount, Matte & Frame
1 © Michael Kenna

To celebrate 50 years of darkroom printing, Luke Whitaker at Bosham Gallery has published five chapters from Michael Kenna’s Darkroom Diaries, in partnership with Black & White Photography Magazine, to accompany an online exhibition of Kenna’s Artist Proofs. The online exhibition runs from 17 July – 17 December 2025, and can be viewed at www.boshamgallery.com.

How Connected are we to our Local Landscapes?

Recently, I have been thinking a lot about connection and what it means to me as a photographer. It is a word I often use to describe my relationship with the landscapes I photograph and a concept that I think is important in making meaningful images.

Connection is a powerful thing, but I cannot help feeling that in today's world, it is a forgotten concept. Sometimes, when I look at the globe, when I read the news or watch TV, I feel how fractured the modern world really is. Divisions seem to exist everywhere - between nations and ethnicities, between cultures and religions and between humanity and nature. Even on a local level, things feel broken.

As a landscape photographer, I have a deep affinity with the natural world. This was facilitated and nurtured in childhood and is something that has become more and more important to me as I have grown older. When I think about connection, I think about nature.

Unfortunately, humanity as a whole doesn’t seem to share my view, and in 2025, our relationship with the natural world is in crisis. Globally, wildlife populations have plummeted, the natural world is seen as something to exploit rather than protect, or an inconvenience to control rather than enjoy, and climate change has become an ever-present threat.

This disconnect from nature is something that has played on my mind for a long time, and at the beginning of the year, it became one of the main drivers behind a project to explore what connection means to me.

For this body of work, I knew I wanted to focus on my connection with nature, but I also wanted to keep the connection local. I could see all the global issues around climate change, biodiversity loss and our disassociation from nature, but I felt I wanted to keep the project personal to me, and for that, I wanted to stay in Suffolk, where I live and work. I felt I wanted to bridge the gap between global issues and local concerns, but I also wanted to get away from the idea that we have to travel to far flung places to create meaningful images.

As someone who spends a lot of time photographing my local landscapes, I have seen how climate change is impacting the landscape. How dry summers have killed the heathland and affected local farming. How wildfires have destroyed habitat, and coastal erosion has become a constant battle along some stretches of the Suffolk Coast. Flocks of birds, once a common part of my childhood, have dwindled, and some species I used to enjoy seeing have disappeared from my life altogether.

When viewed this way, my relationship with nature is one that worries me, but I also get so much joy from being out in the landscape. I love the natural world, I care about it deeply but I am also frustrated and saddened at the way we treat it. It was this conflict that I decided to explore in my project. However, I didn’t want my images to be made up of obvious problems such as dry landscapes, dead vegetation, pollution, litter or coastal erosion. Instead, I wanted to focus on portraying my emotions through a series of landscape images. I decided to use the landscapes of Suffolk to show how I feel about nature in 2025 in the face of climate change, environmental neglect and biodiversity loss. I wanted to depict 10 emotions using 10 images made in landscapes that mean something to me personally.

As someone who spends a lot of time photographing my local landscapes, I have seen how climate change is impacting the landscape. How dry summers have killed the heathland and affected local farming. How wildfires have destroyed habitat, and coastal erosion has become a constant battle along some stretches of the Suffolk

9 Gill Moon Love

Love

The starting point for my project was to pick the emotions that I felt best represented my connection. I began by thinking about how nature made me feel and came up with a list of very positive emotions: happy, alive, love, wonder, awe, calm, peace, joy, gratitude and hope. I then thought about how nature is often treated, and how much it is struggling in the face of climate change, and I began to feel anger, frustration, fear, guilt, anxiety, fragility and grief.

From the list, I generated some words that felt similar in meaning, and others felt impossible to photograph, but I didn’t want to choose words based on how easy they might be to represent. After much deliberation, I came up with 10 words that meant the most to me:

Anger, fear, vulnerability, grief, wonder, alive, peace, joy, love and hope.

7 Gill Moon Peace

Peace

8 Gill Moon Joy

Joy

I chose these because they felt like a good representation of the wide range of emotions I had considered. I didn’t want to focus on the negative feelings too much because overall, my connection with nature is overwhelmingly positive, but I wanted to include hope because I think it is something that we all have to hang on to.

Photographing emotions turned out to be quite a difficult challenge. I am usually aware of what emotion I want to convey when I am photographing a landscape, but it always comes from the reaction I have to a scene. It never comes first. This time the emotion came first, and I had to think about what landscape, subject matter and weather conditions I could use to convey that feeling. I didn’t want to manipulate my images too much and was keen to keep the landscapes authentic.

Anger was the first emotion I photographed, and I did this at the start of the year when the winter storms were at their peak.

1 Gill Moon Anger

Anger

Anger was the first emotion I photographed, and I did this at the start of the year when the winter storms were at their peak. I chose to work with turbulent seas and angry looking clouds and went out several times to my local beach to try and portray this raw emotion.

On one particular morning, the wind was howling, and the storm clouds were racing past, bringing with them short periods of intense rain. Out to sea, there was a small gap on the horizon where the rising sun had created a tiny hint of red on an otherwise dark division between sea and sky. In that moment, the world felt angry, and I quickly captured my first image.

The negative emotions were definitely the hardest to photograph because they went against everything I usually felt when I was out with the camera.

2 Gill Moon Fear

Fear

For fear, I chose a woodland scene on a dull, misty morning. While this composition naturally hinted at the trepidation we might feel on entering a dark woodland, I didn’t experience it personally when I took the photo. As a result, I felt the need to enhance the mood a little in post processing to really get the fear across in the image. I did this by cooling down the overall image and making the blacks stronger than they actually were. I think these subtle changes really helped to convey the essence of fear.

For vulnerability, I chose to photograph the flocks of cormorants that I regularly see flying along the coast. I used a slow shutter speed to blur their motion a little to make them feel indistinct.

3 Gill Moon Vulnerable

Vulnerability

For vulnerability, I chose to photograph the flocks of cormorants that I regularly see flying along the coast. I used a slow shutter speed to blur their motion a little to make them feel indistinct. I then created a composite image in Photoshop using two images - one an original version and one an inverted version. My intention was for the white birds to represent our vanishing wildlife.

4 Gill Moon Grief

Grief

For grief, I used a fallen tree on my local beach, where coastal erosion causes the loss of about 3 meters of land a year.

The next set of images I found much easier to create. The positive, happy feelings are ones which are always present when I head out to take photographs, so they were much easier to tap into.
This tree is a pine, and what I love about it is its bark and the colour of the wood underneath. To me, it looks just like a bleeding wound or graze. For this image, I chose an overcast, gloomy day to emphasise the contrast between the red wood and the rest of the image and used a long exposure to smooth out the motion of the sea.

The next set of images I found much easier to create. The positive, happy feelings are ones which are always present when I head out to take photographs, so they were much easier to tap into.

For the feelings of wonder and being alive, I chose separate spring mornings in two of my favourite ancient woodlands. The wonder was created by the backlit spider's webs on dew laden grass and the feeling of being alive was summed up by the vibrance of a bluebell wood.

6 Gill Moon Alive

Alive

5 Gill Moon Wonder

Wonder

The final four images depict peace, hope, joy and love, and for these I chose to focus on calming, misty landscapes much more representative of my usual style of photography. For love, I chose red poppy flowers for their colours and significance, and used backlighting and high key processing to achieve a dreamy image that I hope conveys my love for nature.

For my final image, hope, I chose to depict a single clump of snowdrops growing in a dark wood. To me, they stood out as a beacon of light in an otherwise dark world.

10 Gill Moon Hope

Hope

My panel of images, which I have titled ‘Emotional’, forms part of a wider local project which I set up at the beginning of the year. I have called it the ‘Connection Project’, and it involves seven other photographers who have all explored what connection means to them in respect of the landscapes and environments of Suffolk. The resulting portfolios cover diverse themes exploring connection with landscape, nature, rural traditions, our emotional wellbeing and the past.

I have spent a long time this year thinking about connection, and I believe it is the thing that drives all aspects of photography. It is what inspires us to make images in the first place, but it is also the element that makes us feel something. It is the emotion born from connection that turns a snapshot into a compelling image. Connection is the special ingredient.

In a world that feels fragmented, I think it is important to recognise the value of life and friendship, the wonder of nature and acknowledge the idea that humanity is not elite or special, but we are all part of something much bigger than ourselves.

Photography is a great facilitator. It connects us to the landscape we are photographing, and it makes us look more closely and ask more questions. Through observation, we come to understand our environment more, whether that is a natural habitat or an urban landscape. We observe the plants and animals, the people and buildings and over time we come to know the places we photograph more intimately. We build a connection and develop a sense of place.

But photography is not just about forging a relationship with the landscape; it is also about the connections we make with the people we meet. With fellow photographers and the people we encounter when we are out with our cameras. Sometimes it is these connections that are so important for our sense of purpose and wellbeing.

In a world that feels fragmented, I think it is important to recognise the value of life and friendship, the wonder of nature and acknowledge the idea that humanity is not elite or special, but we are all part of something much bigger than ourselves. We are a small cog in a big, wonderful world where everything is connected to everything else and our actions and stories, however small, all matter.

All the work for the Connection Project is now available in a book on my website.

End frame: Autumn, Yosemite Valley 1938 by Ansel Adams

Ansel Adams  Autumn, Yosemite Valley, 1938, is the picture I have chosen from all the thousands of photographs I have seen in over 60 years of awareness of photography. But why this one, from the many beautiful images that Adams produced, and the legion of stunning images from other landscape photographers that I have seen over the years, especially since I became a subscriber to ‘On Landscape’? The reason is simple and personal.

At my university hall of residence, we had a library. It was there, in late 1968, that I came across a copy of Adams’ book ‘The Eloquent Light’, which immediately captivated me. I must admit that I hung onto it for far too long before eventually returning it, several years later. I had a hiatus from study for a year, which gave me the space to attempt to complete a painting commission that my wife had arranged with a teacher of hers in her home city. The teacher wanted to have a large painting of a landscape, with a blue and yellow colour palette, to hang on her wall. I chose the view of the Merced River and background rocks from the book, as frankly, the view of Headingley from my bedsit window did not inspire me.

Peter Richter “Moments with Trees”

Peter Richter recently sent us a small book made using KOZU’s new printing service MAKEBOOK. I was interested in the quality of their latest digital printing and also wanted to take a look at what Peter had made, both in his photography and in his design choices.

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Firstly, Greg from Kozu has obviously got a lot of experience printing books and, as I commented in my recent review of Michael Gordon’s book, digital printing has progressed a great deal over the last decade or so. At its best, you’d be hard-pressed to tell the difference between it and litho printing. But not all digital printers or individual presses are created equal, so it was reassuring to see that in Peter’s case, the book printing quality is excellent. There is a bit of ink sheen on the 170gsm silk paper, an indication of a particular type of digital press (this would be a dry-toner printer rather than the HP Indigo’s wet inks, which tend to look more like litho). This slightly glossy look is a small price to pay for significantly lower production costs.

Peter’s book is a compilation of forest work, mainly collected near his home in Vienna, Austria. The aesthetic portrays a dense woodland interior, with little evidence of sky visible between the leaves or at the forest's edges. The result could be claustrophobic, but Peter's obvious passion for his subject gives a feeling of being enveloped in a blanket of forest.

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The book’s design is simple: Peter has chosen to eschew captions, letting the photographs do the talking, and he’s arranged them in seasonal order, beginning and ending with winter snows. The book is given some variation in rhythm through the use of alternate blank facing pages and the occasional spread of a pair of related images. A beautiful cluster of cool, mossy-green branches, a spread of midwinter beech leaves, a facing pair showing the sun piercing through a coniferous forest.

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The result is understated and relaxing in expression. I would have preferred a more consistent geographic location and some narrative to support the choice. Still, the work is more about the photographer's relationship than about the subject's narrative.

You can buy the book from the KOZU website by following this link. You can also see more of Peter Richter's work at his website peterrichter-photography.net.

I’d like to hear more about what Greg is offering through this MAKEBOOK service and will be keeping an eye on how it progresses.

Anna Onishi – Portrait of a Photographer

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Have you ever found yourself wondering why you were born, or what you are actually living for? These are the kinds of questions most people push aside in the name of routine, although for Anna Onishi, they lingered persistently, rising and falling like waves until she could no longer ignore them.

In the search for something that might bring meaning back into her life, she spent a year writing down everything that resonated with her: what she loved, what she wanted to try, what might move her again. At the end of that personal inventory, she arrived at a simple and powerful realization: she wanted to photograph whatever stirred her heart.

What Anna found, almost immediately, was that photography allowed her to translate emotion into form. Since 2015, she has created images that speak with a quiet eloquence. They reveal a photographer who sees the world not as a collection of grand scenes, but as a series of delicate conversations between color, light, and the subtle gestures of nature.

In this essay, I want to explore how Anna’s photographs work on us gently yet decisively. Three qualities stand out: her use of form and color to shape mood, the distinctly feminine sensibility that guides her choices, and the unique sense of place and story that emerges from even her quietest frames.

Adam Gibbs

In this interview, Adam looks back at the influences that shaped his path from the UK to Canada, his early breaks in publishing, and the evolution of a style built on patience and close observation. We also touch on collaboration, book projects, competitions, and his continued work documenting the pressures on Vancouver Island’s old-growth forests. The result is a clear sense of a photographer who balances craft with an honest respect for the places he works in.


We’d love to hear a bit about your background - what you studied or chose to study at school/college, and your path to what kind of work you do now.

I studied photography at Langara College in Vancouver — a two-year program that covered everything from business to chemistry. Back in the late ’80s, most of the focus was on traditional photography: lab work, darkroom techniques, and studio sessions with products or models. Editorial work wasn’t really part of the curriculum.

At the time, my goal was to work in a studio photographing products. But near the end of the program, I spent a couple of weeks assisting in a professional studio, and after hearing the constant complaints about the industry, I realized it wasn’t for me.

While I was in school, I spent most of my free time practising at local public gardens. I couldn’t afford to travel, so the gardens became my classroom. By the time I finished college, I had built up what I thought were some great garden images, so I started sending them to gardening magazines. A few were accepted, and that small success led me to assignment work with a local publisher, Cornwall Publishing.

From there, I gradually built up steady freelance work and made a living shooting editorial photography, mostly for gardening magazines, for about 25 years.

By 2016, the magazine industry had taken a sharp downturn, and most of my editorial work disappeared. I tried running workshops but had little success at first, so I started a YouTube channel to reach more people. Eight years later, that’s still what I’m doing, sharing my love of photography in a completely different way.

Landscape Photography Calendars

Despite the proliferation of online calendars, phone-based diaries and watches that remind you of important life events every few hours, printed calendars still have a thriving market. There’s something about having a display of artwork that you are prompted to change every month and that doubles as a place to scribble dates that digital devices can’t seem to replace.

From the photographer’s perspective, calendars fulfil two important tasks: one, compiling and editing a year's images in line with Ansel Adams’ idea that “Twelve significant photographs in a year is a good crop”, and two, creating a lasting record of those photographs that you can share with friends and family and perhaps beyond that.

Historically, creating a calendar was either a one-off affair printed on your home inkjet or an expensive production managed by a company specialising in litho printing, which meant at least a few hundred copies that you’d have to sell to recoup the printing costs. These days, digital printing has progressed so far that it’s cost-effective to print just a few calendars, and there are companies out there that can help you not only print the calendars but also prepare and produce them (find out more later in this article).

What Makes a Good Calendar

Although calendars don’t have to obviously reflect the yearly changes, it’s a nice idea to think about them in this way, even if the pictures don’t imply any seasonality.

Although calendars don’t have to obviously reflect the yearly changes, it’s a nice idea to think about them in this way, even if the pictures don’t imply any seasonality.

For instance, in equatorial regions, there isn’t really a ‘normal’ cycle; the year is shaped by the drift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, which moves north and south like a slow tide. When it sits overhead, the rains come. When it moves away, the skies clear, regions often end up with patterns like a long wet season and a short wet season or two dry seasons divided by transitional months.

Once you know that pattern, sketch it as a twelve-step cycle. It does not have to match the classic quarters of spring or autumn. You take the phases and distribute them across the months in the order they actually happen. If the long rains begin in March where you live, then March becomes your dramatic cloud-building month. April and May become months of deep colour, swollen rivers and soft light. If the dry season peaks in August, that becomes your month of heat shimmer, haze or crisp sea horizons.

For the southern hemisphere, January is a month of long days and summer heat. The beaches are full, and there’s a feeling that it’s an extension of the holiday period. This feeling continues into February and it’s only really in March and April that temperatures lower, ‘normal’ life tends to return, and outdoor activities become more adventurous.

Resonance

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The Barker

Resonance recognizes and enters into the intrinsic value of an other and establishes an emotion toward that other. ~Michael Allan

Personal Photography, as I previously proposed, called for a search for Resonance. However, my description was simply a feeling I had in the field and digital darkroom, and I did not offer much detail that would help someone actually try it for themselves.

In an effort to both understand this feeling in myself and assist others, I offer some analysis of my experience, based on a two day backpack trip in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, where I paid attention to what I was doing and comparing it to Suzi Gablik’s ideas in Progress In Art, then revisit Iain McGilchrist’s science and ideas.

Gablik examined progress in art as a set of stages that mirror Piaget’s stages of child development. There have been other models of social development, and it is not surprising to me that social development and individual development follow similar paths.

For explaining resonance, I am not so much interested in the development of art, than I am in the three modes of resonance Gablik uses. With slight renaming, I will call them Schematic, Iconic, and Conceptual.

Personal Photography, as I previously proposed, called for a search for Resonance. However, my description was simply a feeling I had in the field and digital darkroom, and I did not offer much detail that would help someone actually try it for themselves.

Iconic

I will start with Iconic because it comes pretty close to what a camera naturally excels at: sharp images with single eye perspective, accurate tones, realistic color. With minimal darkroom adjustments that mimic what was seen when making the capture, the camera produces very high fidelity representations.

Schematic

Once a two-dimensional image is created, one may consider composition, balance, harmony, leading lines, added contrast and clarity, dogging and burning, and cloning out distractions. Much art theory and advice work in the Schematic mode with endless experts.

Conceptual

When someone says an image has a “what else it is,” or is abstract and creates “a feeling,“ or is made at a “decisive moment,” it becomes conceptual. Whereas Schematic tends to aesthetic values, Conceptual tends towards interpretation or explanation.

In my experience, one can resonate in these three modes individually, in combination, and probably in modes I am unaware of; and use different modes at different stages of making an image: when walking, when capturing, and when editing.

My Personal Experience

My personal experience, by self-examination on my backpack trip, was that these types of resonance typically occurred in a patterned way.

When walking, I am predominantly in an Iconic mode. I see like a human, not like a camera. If I liked to previsualize, I would probably stop and try to build a schematic in my head. But I don’t. Instead, I look through my viewfinder, which presents a two dimensional Schematic mode. Whether or not I capture different versions or move around or change zoom, I am not analyzing, I am seeking an “ahh” feeling of just right.

Because it is a Schematic view, rather than resonating Iconicly in three dimensions, I am responding to the frame, the balance, the harmony, the flow through the image, unwanted distractions and the feel of the light direction. I am not following rules.

Like all photographers, I have read the books and attended the seminars on composition. I, too, used a rule of thirds before I focused on balance or harmony. Perhaps I have internalized these, and resonating in the Schematic> mode is just an internalization of what I was taught. I can only hope there is something unique about my experience that comes from my relationship with nature.

I too used a rule of thirds before I focused on balance or harmony. Perhaps I have internalized these, and resonating in the Schematic mode is just an internalization of what I was taught.

Once I am in the digital darkroom, some images become Conceptual. Even though I may see something Conceptual in the field, I normally recognize it afterwards. It might even come to me while I am writing Poetry along side an image.

However, in the darkroom, it is mostly a Schematic affair of cropping, adjusting tones, contrast, clarity, tweaking colors or color filters, and cleaning up. Printing is just an extension of the same Schematic Mode but on paper.

This phased approach was not intentional, it was just me going out into the woods and paying attention to what I actually do and to try to make my description more concrete.

Examples

I will walk through some examples and try to reverse engineer what was going on in my head at capture and during processing Sunrise at Breakfast.

Sunrise at Breakfast

I was sitting on a log over my backpacking stove waiting for my dehydrated meal to rehydrate. Flies were nagging me and I put my spoon in my shirt pocket to keep them off because I know where those flies have been!

The air was chill, my muscles sore from lugging 4 extra liters to the top of a mountain without a water source. I was too tired to really think about much.

The air was chill, my muscles sore from lugging 4 extra liters to the top of a mountain without a water source. I was too tired to really think about much.

I looked up and was blinded by the sun, but the wind was blowing the tree limbs, and its bright light was flickering in and out. It got my attention, so I grabbed the camera, stood up and walked around a bit until I felt the back-lighting and sky were nice. I played around with framing and the exposure and made a capture.

In the darkroom, I adjusted the exposure and blue filter so the sky felt right, then, using levels, brought up the whites but not clipping the sun, then darkened shadows. A few experiments later, it just felt right.

The drama in the Schematic mode is more intense than the direct experience in the Iconic mode. It is not conceptual for me other than my memory of breakfast.

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Sunrise at Breakfast

Together is Better

I was walking the trail with many wildflowers in bloom, and plenty of yucca plants. Yucca are mixed with aspen and fir trees at this elevation and look out of place. I have seen many intimate images of them and have made my own images of the seed pods or leaves. Nine times out of ten, I don’t like the result.

But with the flower sitting inside the yucca, it caught my eye.

In the Schematic mode of the viewfinder, I first played with depth of field until only what I felt interested me was sharp, then I moved around trying to minimize the bad effects of the background

In the Schematic mode of the viewfinder, I first played with depth of field until only what I felt interested me was sharp, then I moved around trying to minimize the bad effects of the background. Too light, or too splotchy, or too dark. And that log, it tells a story, but it might stick out like a sore thumb.

Eventually it feels right and I capture. In the darkroom, the flowers fall flat. So using the blue filter I brighten them until they capture my attention, some masking and clarity, and all the typical tricks. I find my sweetness.

Then the concept pops: symbiosis; the yucca protects the flower because nobody will sit on or step on a yucca. The flower is a leis around the yucca’s neck. The idea of symbiosis triggers thoughts on culture, and the title emphasises the concept of people together in harmony.

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Together is Better

Kiss of Morning

These rocks can be seen from multiple high places, almost always full of tall trees, and on most day hikes, they are washed out by the bright Colorado sun, or in total shadow of thunder showers. After several years
of exploring, I found this viewpoint on the Winding Stairs trail and a place flat enough for a tent out on an outcrop just down the trail from the rocks.

The purpose of the backpacking trip was to try to find resonance with these rocks after failing multiple times. I thought, perhaps sunset or sunrise might do the trick. Sunset was a wash, nothing but thunder and rain while I sat in my tent reading poetry.

The purpose of the backpacking trip was to try to find resonance with these rocks after failing multiple times. I thought, perhaps sunset or sunrise might do the trick. Sunset was a wash, nothing but thunder and rain while I sat in my tent reading poetry.

I was worried I might oversleep, but the full moon rose at 4:30 am, and by 4:45 am, the birds were chirping with just a little too much enthusiasm for my taste. At 6:00 am I put on warm clothes and headed to my spot between trees down a steep bank, then tripping on a log and sliding a meter down the hill trying not to drop the camera. The light was just touching a few places, and I made a few captures.

I headed back for breakfast, which is when I made Sunrise at Breakfast. I packed the tent, sleeping bag, and all my kit to head down the trail to home and glanced over my left side; I was taken aback.

I know from long experience I had maybe five minutes before the light changed. I already knew where to stand, I knew how to frame it, so there was a lot of quick fire captures that reused my previous resonance prior to breakfast.

In the darkroom, I felt a drama queen emerging, so I masked the sky, rock, and shadow and adjusted them separately.

The line between light and dark felt harsh. So I experimented by opening shadows to different degrees. The lighter the shadows the dimmer the rock looked, which is just the way the eye works with contrast. No matter how many changes I made, none felt better than the original high contrast version you see here.

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Kiss of Morning

The Barker

(See image at the start of the article.) Another image from the trail, the trunk of a dead aspen tree in deep shade. Lichens and rot and bark falling off.

There was not a lot I could do with perspective to change the resonance, so I concentrated on adequate depth of field, knowing that it would resonate in the darkroom when the round trunk is sharp enough to make the texture flat and abstract.

I worked the tones to a contrast that felt right to my taste, then I added a vignette. But it looked like a tree, so I started rotating and flipping to see if I would resonate more. I eventually ended up with a rotation and a flip.

Then I revisited the tones until if felt right.

This plant is called Summer Coralroot and is an orchid that depends of a fungus because it cannot photosynthesize. I have never seen one of these before after 40 years of hiking in Colorado.

If you want to know why it felt right, I have no idea other than it did not look as much like a typical dead aspen.

Spring Surprise

This plant is called Summer Coralroot and is an orchid that depends of a fungus because it cannot photosynthesize. I have never seen one of these before after 40 years of hiking in Colorado.

I was waking the trail as usual, looked down at a rock to ensure I did not trip, and nearly fell over when I saw the unusual flower. I sat down and realized how special this was.

I put the camera in macro mode and looked for some wow, which was a combination of depth of focus and using the tree trunk for a neutral background. The wow is not so much the composition which was very limited by circumstance, and more the pure excitement at finding one in the short time it had flowers.

In the darkroom, the processing was simple. Add some brightness to the plant, darken the trunk, clone out some trunk highlights, and just delight at the plant itself. It is just a plant, but it is a rare find, and to me very beautiful. It is a reminder that I can walk the same trails for many years and still be surprised. The sunrise rock I was looking for became a bonus rather than the main thing.

Resonance makes no guarantees, only promises.

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Spring Surprise

Stepping Back

The descriptions above were written as a stream of consciousness with minimal editing so that you can see if I lived up to my aspiration on my backpacking trip. My success in doing what I say wanders. I find that on a single trip, there are a few photographs with intense resonance among a larger number of photographs, someone might say “that’s nice” in a polite way.

I want to explore the role intuition and intellect plays in my proposed “resonance” (and its modes), and for that, I return to Iain McGilchrist for inspiration. Let’s consider two modes of interacting with the world, then the role of culture and society, using The Matter With Things, then The Master and His Emissary.

One way of putting it is that the left hemisphere can provide some sorts of knowledge about the world, as it would be scrutinized from a certain theoretical point of view effectively outside the realms of space and time (as on a map); whereas the right hemisphere provides us with the knowledge of the world in space and time (as experienced).~McGilchrist

Leaning Rock

This statement about knowledge is important because Macmurray uses the same terms (in bold) to describe science and art. These types of knowing can be found in philosophy as far back as Sir William Hamilton. It is as if philosophy discovered these differences before neurology found their source in brain structure.

These two words for types of knowledge “about” and “of,” one like science and one like art, was the key that unlocked art for me.

Social and emotional understanding are central to understanding all human situations. The evidence is that the right hemisphere is of critical importance for this, including the sense of reality itself, the ability to understand what another person knows, how that differs from what you know, what they mean and what their unspoken intentions might be.

The right hemisphere is superior at emotional expression and receptivity. It is crucial for empathy and for a sense of agency. It is important for understanding implicit meaning, in all its forms, including metaphor, and for reading faces and body language. It understands how context changes meaning. In all these respects, the evidence is that it is superior to the left hemisphere. ~McGilchrist

I don’t know about you, but for me, if I am making art, receptivity, expression, and meaning in context, are what count. So I claim: resonance is mainly a right hemisphere activity, leaving the left hemisphere to help manage the technical aspect of the camera. It is our helper, but should not be in charge.

Now, the problem is, modern culture favors left hemisphere activity: predicting, planning, controlling, managing, rule following, and exploitation. This is why I do not pre-visualize: it stimulates my left hemisphere engineering mind and turns its art neighbor off. Maybe it is possible to pre-visualize with the right hemisphere. If you can do it, by all means go for it. If not, consider joining me in avoiding it.

We are imitators, not copying machines. ~McGilchrist

The context of this statement was a discussion of how ideas propagate differently than genes.

Imitation has a relational and imaginative (you guessed it) right hemisphere aspect. He continues:

...imitation is imagination’s most powerful path into whatever is Other than ourselves.

...only humans directly imitate the means as well as the end.

...ability to transform what we perceive into something we directly experience.

Imitation is non-instrumental. It is intrinsically pleasurable.

Imitation gives rise, paradoxically as it may seem, to individuality. That is precisely because the process is not mechanical reproduction, but an imaginative inhabiting of the other, which is always different because of its intersubjective betweenness ~McGilchrist

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In the Personal Photography article, I mentioned the photograph expressing the relation between you and the other; intersubjective betweenness is the scientific way to say this. If you are imaginatively inhabiting, you are resonating.

In the Personal Photography article, I mentioned the photograph expressing the relation between you and the other; intersubjective betweenness is the scientific way to say this. If you are imaginatively inhabiting, you are resonating

McGilchrist goes on to say that in our contemporary world, we have become busy at “imitating machines.” I think Macmurray saw this problem 100 years before McGilchrist and his philosophy of the personal was his solution. Surely many artists have come to similar diagnosis and solutions under different descriptions, yet some went the other way: full on left hemisphere art. Some modern art seems that way to me, but my concern is photography.

We go out into the landscape with a computerized capture device that has a semiconductor sensor and high quality optics. We process the pixels with computer algorithms and tools. We post images on social media. See the problem? The tools we use are temptations to left hemispheric mechanical thinking alongside all the temptations of our culture and society.

We need all that, but we have to, or at least I have to, resist by intention. I need to aspire to an intuitive personal photography and use resonance as a metaphor of the experience so I don’t wander through the woods thinking about Macmurray and McGilchrist.

A Final Example

Kissing Rock

Kissing Rock

I have a hangout place on my backpacking route with boulders. Each trip I stop and look and nothing resonates. But this trip I saw a kiss; the concept resonated immediately. I then went into schematic resonance mode until it just felt right, making multiple captures and reviewing them on the spot.

This one was a “no left-brainer.” And the sun did the heavy lifting.

Resonance in Context

I think that Resonance depends on where you are photographing and your personality. If you are in Death Valley, you find dramatic shadows, blowing sand. If you are in Yosemite, there are clouds and mists from the Merced River. On a beach at sunrise or sunset

there are dramatic skies with color. The Great Plains might have dramatic thunderheads and lighting. A big island might provide fog and misty air with moors and mountains.

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You might prefer drama or realism, contrast or subtlety. You may perceive the world concretely or abstractly. You may be

influenced by historical or contemporary photographers.

But when you spend significant time in your local place, resonance will develop over time. Neither nature, weather, nor a personality is static. If it helps, think of resonance as a form of play, and nature as your playground.

A Wander down near Garve

A gent commented the other day, “It's a lovely picture, but there's been a fair bit of colour tweaking”. You’re fecking right there was!  I’m a cynic with a romantic heart. I’ve lived in the real world long enough to realise that reality is overrated. These days, most of us are loath to turn on the news for fear of what we’re going to see.

Why should my pictures be sombre replications of the world around me? In my previous life in the police, it was a case of the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth. But I’m no longer required to be a faithful servant of the truth. I’m free to process these little scenes the way I envisage them in the rose tinted avenues and alleyways of my mind. I’m not a skilled technician; my processing is rudimentary at best. But I know how to achieve what I want to achieve.

I like to look at the end result and sigh happily. To look at a finished image with a smile. Knowing that I’ve managed to replicate what it was that I saw in my mind's eye when I took the original image.

I like to look at the end result and sigh happily. To look at a finished image with a smile. Knowing that I’ve managed to replicate what it was that I saw in my mind's eye when I took the original image.
I do that mostly by playing with split toning (or colour grading, as Adobe sees fit to call it now). If I do have a skill in that area, it’s possibly down to my thoughts on colour matching. What shades, what hues complement a scene? It’s an individual, personal process.

All my alterations are global; I don’t make little selections and work on small areas separately. This obviously limits me slightly and means that I’m very conditions dependent. But that's how it should be. I want to be excited by both ends of the process. The taking and the making.

And if the colouring doesn’t suit some folk then thats absolutely fine. As long as the failed artist that lurks within me likes it then thats fine. We look at the work of painters and allow them artistic licence so why can’t we do the same with photographers.

Wander Down Near Garve. Mark Littlejohn

Anyway. A picture.

Possibly the last from last week's wander down near Garve

The Frith Fields

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The Frith Fields lie in the south Cotswolds, and have, through care and steadfastness, been returned to native meadow. My project began with a simple idea: to photograph the fields through the seasons, and to let repeated encounters with this place reveal new ways of seeing it, and maybe to create a book.

Beneath this plan, there was also a looser purpose: to understand how one lives and works with place. Emma and Matt’s stewardship of the fields was a vital part of this. Their years of patient restoration, their belief in “doing the right thing” by the land, and their generosity in sharing knowledge gave me a strong foundation.

Alongside making the photographs, I kept a written journal, usually penned back in the studio using the images from each day to reflect on the thoughts, feelings and sensations I’d experienced. Each entry was both an anchor and a prompt, which helped me to understand and acknowledge how much the fields resisted being contained by the frame, and how my methods would have to adapt.

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Inspiration

The inspiration for the work came from multiple sources. Research revealed that the UK has lost 7.5 million acres of wildflower meadow and flower-rich grassland since the 1930s1. 1400 insect species rely on meadows for their survival, and these plants and insects help to maintain a healthy ecosystem. Meeting Emma and Matt, who had devoted years to restoring the meadows, gave me both context and motivation. Their stewardship spoke of patience and persistence, and Emma’s references to Ikigai - the balance of purpose and practice - and to Katherine Swift’s The Morville Hours situated my own efforts within a wider tradition of living with land.

Alongside this, exhibitions, reading and conversations informed my thinking.

Research revealed that the UK has lost 7.5 million acres of wildflower meadow and flower-rich grassland since the 1930s . 1400 insect species rely on meadows for their survival, and these plants and insects help to maintain a healthy ecosystem.
Garry Fabian Miller’s poignant exhibition Adore at Arnolfini caused me to reconsider process and material. A visit to Lacock Abbey drew me back to the earliest impulses of photography: the urge to capture nature directly, to let the material speak for itself.

The voices of others were important, Matt’s insights and knowledge of the wildlife in the fields, his sighting of a stoat dragging a baby rabbit, bigger than itself, across the bottom field or finding a newly born fawn nestled among the long grass—all these grounded my practice within a living network of care and observation. Later, my friend Shelley’s reflection that my work carried something of the “pastoral sublime” reframed what I was doing. Was my attention to this landscape simply about beauty? Or did it echo wider crises—climate, political, social—that haunt our times? Inspiration, I came to see, is never solitary. It is a conversation between place, people, and understanding.

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Highs and Lows

There were auspicious moments when photography and place aligned, if briefly. Early morning mists rising from the valley offered fleeting drama; frosted seedheads glowed under low sun; the appearance of blackthorn blossom against a grey hedge brought a clarity where form, light, and season cohered into an image.

The low points came in quieter, more insistent ways. The fields sit on the side of a steep valley; in winter, the sun rarely lifts high enough to illuminate the fields. In summer, the opposite harsh midday light flattened the abundance in the fields into visual confusion, making it nearly impossible to render with any subtlety. There was the impossibility of capturing grass snakes, or of making butterflies feel as alive in an image as they were in flight. And at times the meadows felt constraining: three fields, always the same boundaries, the sense of repetition that made me long for the unstructured wandering which is my usual way of working.

Early morning mists rising from the valley offered fleeting drama; frosted seedheads glowed under low sun; the appearance of blackthorn blossom against a grey hedge brought a clarity where form, light, and season cohered into an image.

Nipplewort

Shifting Process: From Image to Material

The recognition of the limits of what I was able to do with the camera marked a turning point. So rather than photographing what I saw, I began to work with what I could touch. Collecting and pressing plants became a new form of image-making. At first, this was a nostalgic act, and one that echoed early photographic processes. Like a negative, pressing flattens, fixes, and preserves—pigments fade, colours shift, chlorophyll recedes. What remains is both presence and absence: the form intact, but the life altered
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Making pigments followed, I became fascinated with the idea of making inks from the very matter of the fields—plants, soil, stones. I did a short workshop with Lucy at London Pigment, who generates pigments from materials in the landscape that reflect the city, and her relationship with colour and place.

Field Maple

Inspired by Fabian Miller, I began placing plants and seeds from the fields directly onto photographic paper and exposing them to sunlight, creating lumen prints. These negative images were formed not only by the shadows of the plants but also by their chemical reaction with the paper, which formed soft auras around the images of the plants. I later scanned these negatives and converted them into positives. The originals remain unfixed, tucked away in a dark drawer in my studio, like the flowers and grasses they depict, they are ephemeral, fragile —still sensitive to light, and always vulnerable to change.

These processes remain photographic in spirit, but without the lens — an engagement with light-sensitive materials, with chemistry, with the physical traces of place. Each pressed flower, pigment and lumen print felt like an attempt to bridge the gap between presence and representation.

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Insights

In the end, the Frith Fields became less about making successful photographs and more about learning what photography cannot do. The camera faltered where the fields were most alive. But in that I discovered other ways of working - pressings, pigment, lumen printing — that deepened the project rather than diminished it.

Looking back, the Frith Fields taught me that photography is as much about failure as success.

In the end, the Frith Fields became less about making successful photographs and more about learning what photography cannot do. The camera faltered where the fields were most alive.
The camera’s inability to capture what I wanted forced me to ask questions: I began the project searching for photographs that would capture essence, but the fields resisted reduction; they insisted on being lived, breathed, walked, and not held still.

I made the work by following my nose, letting process lead the way, and found myself with a collection of disparate pieces: photographs, pressed flowers, landscapes, still-lives, and ink. At first, drawing these fragments together into a coherent whole felt impossible. Then I spoke again with Iain at Another Place Press — so generous with his time, ideas, and skill. We talked about the possibility of a small publication in the Field Notes series, and I sent him a mass of files. What came back was nothing short of transformative: a design that wove together the photographs and lumen prints, interlacing them so they began to speak with one voice. Somehow it captured that elusive sense of the fields’ vitality. From this starting point, I can now imagine a larger publication, one that draws on all the elements of the process. Thanks to Iain’s intervention and design expertise, I can see the work differently — as something whole, and alive.

Meadow Grass

Final thoughts

‘The Frith Fields’ began as a simple plan to document three fields, but it became a reflection on the limits and possibilities of photography itself. In turning to camera-less processes — lumen prints, pressed plants, pigments — I found ways to work that felt more intimate and connected to the life of the fields. These processes became the breakthrough of the project, transforming limitation into possibility, absence into presence. They reminded me that photography is not only about what the lens captures, but also about how light, chemistry, and material can speak together.

In the end, the Frith Fields were less a subject, more a collaborator; they resisted simplification and offered, in return, a richer way of seeing.

The Frith Fields by Amanda Harman, Another Place press

End frame: Nyx #60006 by Anna Cabrera & Ángel Albarrán

Do you know the feeling? Stuck with your photography and generally a bit meh towards your images, asking yourself whether your photos are “good enough”? Inspiration has vanished, motivation is nowhere to be seen, new ideas are in hiding, and you begin to wonder whether your mojo will ever come back. In other words, the creative block has struck.

Whenever I hit such a phase, I turn to the work of Ángel Albarrán and Anna Cabrera for some creative input. The Spanish photographer duo have been working together for almost 30 years and have created an extensive portfolio that is, in equal measures, uplifting and inspiring. Immersing myself in their dream-like images enables me to let go of my worries and self-doubts, thereby making room for creativity to return.

An image I keep coming back to in particular is this work from Albarrán Cabrera’s series ‘Nyx’. The name derives from Greek mythology, where the goddess Nyx is the personification of the darkness and is considered one of the first beings to exist. As such, she stands at the beginning of all creation - a fitting coincidence.

This photograph shows a path meandering through a very dark, barren landscape into a distant mountain range. In stark contrast to the almost hostile foreground, the path leading through it is of golden colour. The mountains in the distance are also lit up in warm gold tones, perhaps by the rising or setting sun. There is no further context given - it is a timeless scene and the intention is obviously not to show a particular place or landscape. Upon taking a closer look, it becomes apparent that the path leading our eyes and thoughts into the distance has the contours of the branch of a gnarly tree. Is the path in reality a tree? Or is it something else? Does it matter?

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Many of the scenes in Albarrán Cabrera’s photos look familiar at first glimpse. But then we notice that something is odd, that something jars. The angle isn’t quite right, the scale of things is funny, the colours are different to what we would expect. The photographers are not shy to invert, flip or rotate an image, nor do they hold back with changing hues and colours.

These are not pin-sharp or perfectly composed landscape photos but mysterious, longing, melancholic images that invite us to contemplate, to allow our thoughts to wander and to fill the image in front of our eyes with our own stories based on our own memories, experiences and emotions.

By breaking the rules and conventions of photography, Albarrán Cabrera’s images challenge our perception. These are not pin-sharp or perfectly composed landscape photos but mysterious, longing, melancholic images that invite us to contemplate, to allow our thoughts to wander and to fill the image in front of our eyes with our own stories based on our own memories, experiences and emotions.

And so does the selected image take the viewer on a journey through their own feelings, memories, fears, dreams, wishes, hopes. This journey will be different for each of us. We don’t know where the path takes us, whether we could get lost, what lies in the distance; it is even possible that the mountains are just a mirage. The story will vary for everyone. It might even change for the same person over time, for instance depending on our mood, the time of year, the current circumstances we find ourselves in.

Albarrán Cabrera’s work reminds us that the construction of reality is a highly subjective matter and that it can be liberating to let go of preconceived ideas and expectations. ‘Nyx’ does exactly that to me - it takes me on a trip through a landscape of emotions and opens a path for my creativity to come back.

Do you have a favourite image that you would like to write an end frame on? We are always keen to get submissions, so please get in touch to discuss your idea.

4×4 Landscape Portfolios

Welcome to our 4x4 feature, which is a set of four mini landscape photography portfolios which has been submitted for publishing. Each portfolio consists of four images related in some way. Whether that's location, a project, a theme or a story. See our previous submissions here.

Submit Your 4x4 Portfolio

Interested in submitting your work? We are always keen to get submissions, so please do get in touch!

Do you have a project or article idea that you'd like to get published? Then drop us a line. We are always looking for articles.

Martin Küenzi

Aletsch

Martin Küenzi 4x4


Sanjeev Kumar Yadav

Color of Nature

Sanjeev Kumar Yadav 4x4


Stefano Balma

Shapes of Ice, on the Life of Arctic Glaciers

Stefano Balma 4x4


Tony Gaskins

What Lies Beyond

Tony Gaskins 4x4


What Lies Beyond

Tony Gaskins 4x4

Being born and raised on the East Coast, just a stone's throw from the beach, as a child, I often gazed towards the horizon, wondering what lies beyond. Childhood curiosity has been replaced by existential questions and the need to explore emotional upheaval, and once again, I have turned to my old friend, the sea, for answers, or at least a mechanism to examine my inner thoughts.

These images are the beginnings of a planned wider body of work that explores perception, memory and the subtle thresholds that define our experience of reality. I intentionally blur the boundaries between land, sea and sky to evoke the liminal space between what is seen and what is felt.

These images capture fleeting moments at the edge of the day – when light dissolves and certainty softens, mirroring the emotional ambiguity often encountered in personal transitions.

I aim to abstract the familiar through ICM (intentional camera movement) and slow shutter speed to displace the viewer from a purely visual reading of the landscape and invite them into a more intuitive, introspective engagement. This is not documentation of place, but a meditation on the unknown – on what lies beyond and the thresholds we cross without realising.

This series draws on my personal experience of grief, displacement, introspection and the quiet moments where uncertainty is not feared but accepted as part of the human condition.

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A Connection Through Landscape Shaped from Within

I have over the last 40 years or so, pointed my cameras at many of Australia’s most picturesque locations. For much of this period it was the unrelenting colour, the sun, and the oozing beauty of our land that maintained my momentum; a pace that seemed never quite enough, as I pounded a familiar treadmill to capture these palpable visions on film.

Over time, my photography became more exotic, both in destination and in its technique, as I attempted to wring even more rawness from the genre, yet in terms of personal expression, I was spent. I felt restricted by a sense that landscape, as I traditionally defined it, offered only a limited capacity for something new, something deeper, something to connect with.

Brothers In Spirit Murray White

There became a growing incongruity between the latent complexity of a setting and how I chose to photograph it. The idea that ‘the scene’ must be preserved as a visual unit, at the expense of a more ‘molecular’ assessment, seemed to discourage any interpretation that overlooked the most obvious elements. While it’s possible to appreciate the nuances of a landscape without photographing it, is it even viable to do the reverse? Can we photograph a landscape without fully immersing ourselves in its complexity? I believe that we can, and I believe that I was!

Shapes of Ice, on the Life of Arctic Glaciers

Stefano Balma 4x4

I will never forget the emotion I felt the first time I saw a glacier.

It happened during my first trip to Iceland: standing in front of the towering ice walls of Skaftafell felt like being in the presence of an ancient being. I watched in silence for several minutes, until, between its crevasses, I noticed a shape that resembled a grimace of agony, eerily similar to the face in Edvard Munch’s iconic painting The Scream.

I was deeply shaken.

That vision became the starting point for this photographic series, which brings together images captured during my travels in Iceland and Greenland, with the aim of visually narrating the melting process of Arctic glaciers as part of a cycle of continuous transformation.

The ever-changing nature of ice makes each landscape unique and unrepeatable. This constant transformation invites reflection on the flow of life and its impermanence, while also serving as a stark warning: Arctic regions are undergoing a profound transformation, subjected to unprecedented climatic and geopolitical pressures.

The future of these ecosystems is uncertain—threatened by their strategic position and the presumed abundance of natural resources that make them the focus of global competition. And yet, their protection is crucial for the future of humanity.

The agony we read in the ice today may one day be reflected in the faces of future generations.

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Skaftafell glacier, Iceland - October 2021

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Disko Bay, Greenland - August 2024

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Iceland - October 2021

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Iceland - August 2023

Color of Nature

Sanjeev Kumar Yadav 4x4

I have focused on landscapes for most of my photographic life, and I have learned one thing above any other: good light makes for good images. If the lighting conditions complement and strengthen your subject, an incredible photograph is just waiting to be taken.

There is a reason why sunsets and sunrises have such a wonderful reputation in landscape photography. If the atmospheric conditions are right, you can see every color from bright pink to dark purple, and the low angle of the sun opens up opportunities that do not exist at other times of day.

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Aletsch

Martin Küenzi 4x4

The Aletsch Forest is one of the most beautiful nature reserves in Switzerland. The flora and fauna in this area are simply fascinating, and there are exciting things to observe in every season.

The proximity to the great Aletsch Glacier results in an almost inexhaustible variety of views: From large landscapes to intimate details and wildlife.

I have been visiting this area in spring for several years now and help an ornithological station count the black grouse.

And of course for photography....

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Aletsch

Kavin Chawla

Conchodial Cosmos

We can grow up surrounded by cameras, and yet not pick one up. Curiosity, travel, noticing details and becoming an observer came first for Kavin. A trip to New Zealand was the nudge to begin framing the landscape, and to wonder what a camera, used with intent, might reveal. An apprenticeship followed, but Kavin credits moving to California with fostering his connection to nature and giving him something he wanted to voice. His curiosity now finds its outlet on small details and shifting shores. He describes photography nicely as a conversation—here’s our conversation with Kavin.

Would you start by telling readers a little about yourself—where you grew up, early interests, and what you went on to do?

I grew up in Thailand in a Punjabi family that had moved there generations earlier. My nationality is Thai, but ethnically I’m Punjabi, and that mix of cultures shaped a lot of who I am. Bangkok was home—a vibrant, sometimes chaotic city full of color, incredible food, and an energy that never really sleeps. My childhood had the typical ingredients of a city kid’s life: school, sports, friends, and family trips.

Sports were a big part of my early interests. I loved playing them and the camaraderie that came with it. I was also drawn to technology—anything with wires and circuits fascinated me. I’d happily spend hours tinkering with the latest gadgets, taking them apart to see how they worked and then trying (sometimes failing) to put them back together. That curiosity about how things function is still with me today and, I think, quietly informs the way I photograph.

Even though cameras were around me constantly—my dad and older brother were both avid hobby photographers—I didn’t immediately pick up photography myself. The camera was there at family events and on vacations, but it was more their domain. My own focus was on education and the path that would eventually bring me to the United States. Like many kids, I followed the expected route: study hard, aim for good grades, and keep doors open for higher education abroad.

Michael Kenna’s Darkroom Diaries

Pont Des Arts, Study 1, Paris, France, 1987. © Michael Kenna

Pont des Arts, Study 1, Paris, France, 1987. © Michael Kenna

I watched Michael Kenna retouch a print by hand in my gallery in Bosham in 2019 during an exhibition of his New & Rare Works, and it was like seeing magic! The retouching process was so extraordinary that I joked with Michael that he had turned the gallery into a scene from Hogwarts. At any moment I expected Dumbledore to walk in! Unless one experiences retouching in person, I don’t think it is possible to appreciate the skill and patience required to make adjustments to the surface of a silver print with fine paint brushes and retouching dyes. The print in question was Pont Des Arts, Study 1, Paris, France, 1987 and a small speck on the surface of the silver gelatin print needed to be retouched.

It was caused by a tiny scratch to the negative. Before I share an extract from Michael Kenna’s print diaries, along with photographs of Michael retouching the print, it is important to explain the nature of retouching prints as part of the overall process of making wet chemistry silver gelatin prints. As Michael points out, it is almost impossible to make silver prints from negatives without there being some small white dust spots on the prints or the occasional black specks caused by scratches on the negatives. These have to be carefully retouched by hand with coloured dyes and fine retouching brushes. If a silver print is examined closely in the right lighting, it is possible to see how the image is embedded in the silver gelatin, rather than sitting on the surface of the paper as per a modern pigment print.

It was fascinating to watch Michael at work and see how a series of fine paint brush strokes darken areas within the print, and a scalpel blade lightens other areas. Every single print that Michael makes within each limited edition is compared and matched to an original Artist Proof. Because each single print has to be retouched by hand, each print becomes a unique work of art. Each dust spot might only take a minute or so to retouch by hand, but it is easy to appreciate how a whole print can take an hour or two to get just right.

Retouching requires a very steady hand, great patience and is extremely demanding on the eyes. Watching Michael at work, it was clear that I was seeing a master printer who had been doing this for decades.

Read the previous articles in this series:

Luke Whitaker


I think the retouching aspect of silver gelatin prints is greatly under appreciated. I have noticed some very beautiful prints, with quite poor retouching, which I think is wholly unnecessary.

Retouching helps the viewer look into and around a print. It is also another option to edit out areas we do not want to attract attention to. Most of us are now familiar with digital retouching. The principles are the same with physical retouching, albeit it is a lot more time consuming.
It is almost impossible to make a print without getting some dust on the negative, which results in white spots on the print. These can be carefully retouched/painted out with archival dyes once the print has dried and flattened in a heat press..

Retouching helps the viewer look into and around a print. It is also another option to edit out areas we do not want to attract attention to. Most of us are now familiar with digital retouching. The principles are the same with physical retouching, albeit it is a lot more time consuming. As mentioned in earlier chapters in this series, our eyes generally move towards bright areas.

White spots, therefore, force us to remain on the surface of the print, which effectively destroys the three-dimensional illusion of a photograph. Certain highlights can also often obstruct the flow of a print. I look at prints from both close up and at a distance to see if there are spots or areas of highlights which can be helped by being retouched out.

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Michael Kenna’s Retouching Kit © Michael Kenna

Retouching dyes come in different colours and need to be matched to the different areas of the print - warm in the highlights and cold in the shadows for my prints. Occasionally, black spots appear on the print from tiny holes in the emulsion of the negative. These are a bit more troublesome and need fine etching with a scalpel blade.

Retouching a single print can take anywhere from minutes to hours and every print needs to be retouched. Good retouching should not be immediately visible.

Retouching a single print can take anywhere from minutes to hours and every print needs to be retouched. Good retouching should not be immediately visible. Indeed, if a viewer comments on the ‘excellent retouching’, you know you haven’t done a very good job!

While printing for the great photographer, Ruth Bernhard, I learnt a little trick that is not mentioned in most technical descriptions of the print making process: steaming. After a print is fully retouched, I boil a kettle of water and let the print hover over the steam. The gelatin subsequently swells and absorbs the retouching agent to the point that the two surfaces become one. Good retouching ‘should’ become invisible!

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Before Retouching Reflection, Big Sur, California, USA. 1979 © Michael Kenna

Reflection, Big Sur, California, Usa. 1979

After Retouching Reflection, Big Sur, California, USA. 1979 © Michael Kenna

A good example of the principle of retouching is the image Reflection, Big Sur, California, USA. 1979. The original negative is 4x5 inches, and all resulting prints are covered in white dust specks. My fault entirely, as I had just purchased the Graflex Speed folding camera and, in my enthusiasm, did not even think to clean the film dark slides before use. The result is 3+ hours of hand retouching on every print.”

4 Studies of Michael Kenna

Retouching Pont Des Arts, Study 1, Paris, France, 1987, in Bosham Gallery in 2019 © Henry Wells:

Michael Kenna Retouches Pont Des Arts, Study 1, Paris, France. 1987 In Bosham Gallery In 2019 © Henry Wells 1 Of 4 Michael Kenna Retouches Pont Des Arts, Study 1, Paris, France. 1987 In Bosham Gallery In 2019 © Henry Wells 2 Of 4 Michael Kenna Retouches Pont Des Arts, Study 1, Paris, France. 1987 In Bosham Gallery In 2019 © Henry Wells 3 Of 4 Michael Kenna Retouches Pont Des Arts, Study 1, Paris, France. 1987 In Bosham Gallery In 2019 © Henry Wells 4 Of 4


Retired Negatives by Michael Kenna

Retired Negatives by Michael Kenna is an online exhibition of his most collected work over the past 50 years, featuring the remaining Artist Proof editions of photographs whose numbered limited editions have now sold out.

The collection is a chance to acquire a print from editions in which the negative has been formally retired within Michael’s archive. All of his silver gelatin prints are still made by him personally in his darkroom at his home in Seattle. The online exhibition is hosted by Bosham Gallery and can be seen at boshamgallery.com until 17th December 2025.

‘Machine-made pigment prints are of excellent quality, but, at least for me, silver prints remain the gold standard in photography,’ says Michael. ‘It is also comforting to know that these prints are made to archival standards, which means they should well outlast me and collectors. I keep records of every print I have signed and editioned, and have prints in my own collection, which I made 50 years ago. They are as good today as when I first made them.’

To accompany Retired Negatives, and to celebrate 50 years of darkroom printing, Bosham Gallery’s Luke Whitaker is presenting a five-part series of chapters from Michael Kenna’s Darkroom Diaries in collaboration with Black & White Photography Magazine.

Please visit boshamgallery.com to see the online exhibition and to read Michael Kenna’s Darkroom Diaries.

 

With my Head in the Clouds

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Eruption

Over the years, my outdoor photography has moved from the wider vistas to more intimate scenes, although I still enjoy grand landscapes given the right light. I am now drawn to natural forms, be it lichens, rocks, reflections on water, trees, other botanicals - and yes, rust and corrosion too … all of which entail patterns and textures.

I am now drawn to natural forms, be it lichens, rocks, reflections on water, trees, other botanicals - and yes, rust and corrosion too … all of which entail patterns and textures.
Often these can be very abstract in appearance, but I view them as abstractions, or perhaps more accurately as extracts of real physical objects, rather than non-representational and purely imagined abstracts. In other words, photographs are often of just parts of subjects, perhaps out of context, to give them an unexpected appearance. I don’t set out to deliberately obfuscate what they are, nor am I trying to convey an emotion or some deep meaning, but I’m quite happy when people ask me “what is this” or “what am I looking at”.

Understanding abstract paintings has usually eluded me, and to be honest, it still does. Apparently, I should think about what story the artist/painter was trying to put across, or to come up with my own interpretation of what these paintings mean, but mostly they leave me somewhat bemused and feeling that I’ve missed the point. Mark Rothko, Wassily Kandinsky, Piet Mondrian are all very well known and frankly not really my cup of tea: random splashes of paint on canvas, coloured lines, blocks of colour… Granted, some have quite pleasing patterns or shapes, but that’s as far as it goes – they don’t invoke any strong feeling or deeper meaning, and I don’t linger over them. I’ve recently come across some contemporary artists, for example, Juan Jose Hoyos Quiles, Riszky Rach, Francesco D’Adamo, Cristina Cruz and others. Some of their works, while still predominantly coloured patches and shapes, are more to my taste, but still not really arresting. As to Dali, I find his work disturbing, which I believe was his intention, but I don’t enjoy being disturbed!

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Shafts of Blue

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Nebula

Not so long ago, I stumbled across an article, or rather a blog post, by Mayank Jain, specifically about Rothko and more broadly about interpreting art.

This explains how to look at abstract art and how it might relate to my own experiences. Statements such as “You sense the artist's deliberate attempt to avoid shoving his ideas towards the observer. It is what it is.”, or “The paintings really don't say anything specific.” go some way to reassure me that it’s OK to just look at a piece of art and not expect to find a deep meaning. Then I read “The meaning that we seek in life …. is to be found within us, and in our understanding of the world around us. That meaning is what we choose to ascribe to things in our life.” I believe this explains what shapes our reaction to, and understanding of, art and most probably why we photographers release the shutter.

In the early-mid 1920s, American photographer Alfred Stieglitz created his famed series of photographs of clouds, which he called "equivalents", meaning that he wanted “to record something so completely that those who see it will relive an experience of what had been expressed.” According to an essay at the Phillips Collection website, the series, "A symbolist aesthetic underlies these images, which became increasingly abstract equivalents of his own experiences, thoughts, and emotions".

In the early-mid 1920s, American photographer Alfred Stieglitz created his famed series of photographs of clouds, which he called "equivalents", meaning that he wanted “to record something so completely that those who see it will relive an experience of what had been expressed.”

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Flights of Fancy

Waldo Frank, an American novelist, historian, political activist, and literary critic, had earlier suggested that the impact of Stieglitz’s photography was due to the individuals he photographed. Stieglitz was none too pleased, as Waldo Frank seemed to accuse him of simply recording what appeared in front of his camera. This drove him to create that series of cloud studies "to show that (the success of) my photographs (was) not due to subject matter – not to special trees or faces, or interiors, to special privileges – clouds were there for everyone…"

Recently, in fact, while I was researching about abstract art in preparation for this article, I came across Norwegian artist Nina Enger whose abstract oil or acrylic paintings are often inspired by what she sees when out walking in nature. Seeing her work, in particular the paintings that appear to be clouds, really resonated with me. She also creates fine landscapes!

Which brings me to the subject of this article: what was I thinking, or perhaps what feelings drove me to recently make cloud photographs?

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Omen

My own strongest memories of clouds go back to when I was 13, when my father first took me climbing in the Alps and later the Dolomites (and sometimes my mother came too, even across glaciers!). I was fascinated by clouds lazily and quietly drifting among the peaks and spires, sometimes coming up from below us, sometimes looking very ominous; I found their slow, serene motion and the total silence around quite mesmerising. Many decades later, it was the big skies over open seas, and the wonderful and very changeable Icelandic skies, that caught my attention and became subjects for my camera, although always as single frames.

During this year’s (2025) spring and summer, I was quite taken by cloudscapes over the big city where I live and having a decidedly non-photogenic urban foreground, I was moved to shoot just the skies. That first evening in mid-April was the start of an unexpected series of cloudscapes that ran through to late July. Till now, I had only shot maybe up to 4-5 images in a mini-series, but over those three months or so, I amassed over 130 frames! With a clear view above rooftops, I could shoot side-lit and into-the-sun, or catch occasional light on the underneath of clouds, leaving the tops in dark shadow.

During this year’s (2025) spring and summer, I was quite taken by cloudscapes over the big city where I live and having a decidedly non-photogenic urban foreground, I was moved to shoot just the skies.

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Brooding

On several evenings, the attraction was not saturated sunset colours but softer opposing colours; indeed, in quite a few of the images here, I desaturated the blues or even the whole image as the colours were utterly surreal. In contrast, there was one particular evening when the setting sun lit the clouds with a fiery glow, transforming them into orange flames as though these were giant coronal eruptions from the sun itself. On rather dull evenings, it was the monochromatic tones that caught my eye; other times, the mix of different types of cloud made the picture. I was surprised how certain images on my computer monitor were so different to looking through the viewfinder: it seemed that I was looking down rather than up, or that there was a definite 3D near-far perspective. Curiously, sometimes the final image looks rather like a reflection in water. And when a bird or three would fortuitously fly through the scene, this unexpected wildlife added a layer of interest!

Watching these scenes unfold prompted me to fetch my camera; these were too good to miss! I was enthralled with all that was happening above me and I wanted - needed - to record these views. I have no doubt that in some way, the memories of watching clouds in the mountains were coming to the surface, feeding my desire to make photographs. Is this what is meant by having a story to tell, being expressive?

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Aliens Incoming

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From a Watery World

I certainly was not using the camera specifically with the intent of conveying my feelings, Stieglitz was far from my mind; I just wanted a record of how arresting a natural scene can be and to share this. I know for sure that in many instances my non-photographer friends don’t notice what I do when we are out on walks, and perhaps perversely, it gives me some pleasure to show them what they had missed.

Just recently – and after I had made my own “accidental” clouds series – I read a blog post by Guy Tal in which he discusses how he has changed his approach to the concept of “equivalence”. Guy no longer tries “to make others feel “relive”— exactly what I have experienced and what it meant to me” as Stieglitz said. Thank you, Guy, that has put my mind at rest. I don’t need to create images that make a potential viewer feel exactly as I did, i.e. create an equivalent! Phew! It’s OK to photograph for myself. Indeed, Guy proposes that creating a full equivalent is probably impossible as there’s no way that a photographer can guarantee the viewer will receive the image exactly as visualised by the artist.

I don’t need to create images that make a potential viewer feel exactly as I did, i.e. create an equivalent! Phew! It’s OK to photograph for myself. Indeed, Guy proposes that creating a full equivalent is probably impossible as there’s no way that a photographer can guarantee the viewer will receive the image exactly as visualised by the artist.

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Flames of Wrath

But Rothko also said, “And the fact that a lot of people break down and cry when confronted with my pictures shows that I can communicate … basic human emotions…. If you … are moved only by their color relationships, then you miss the point.

Oh dear, am I still missing the point? Maybe not: I do like colour in my photography, but also tonal and textural relationships and I am quite content to record these in my own way, for myself and to share with others. Also, I do shoot in infra-red monochrome, especially when summer greens are dominant, I don’t need colour.

End frame: Shimmer & Flame by Simon Baxter

Simon Baxter is one of my favorite contemporary landscape photographers and photography YouTubers. I love watching his (very rare!) videos — especially the ones featuring his labradoodle, Meg — while enjoying my morning cup of coffee in my favorite corner of the sofa, and (depending on the season) wrapped in a warm wool blanket.

His woodland photos (and he mostly shoots woodlands) are calm (something I strive for in my own photography), and their compositions are precisely crafted (something I never have the patience for).

However, his approach to photography is probably the opposite of mine. He often revisits the same forests (which I also do) and even the same trees, waiting for the right conditions (which I rarely do because I never remember such things). My approach is much more reactive: I walk around and respond to what I see (the light, the colours, the shapes, and so on). Then I set up my tripod, take a photo, and look at it deeply for a while. I adjust the composition or camera settings, take another photo, and repeat the process until I’m satisfied with the result. I never make specific plans. One thing we do share, though, is a preference for shooting close to home.

This photo has everything any photographer (or at least one like me) could wish for in a woodland: majestic old trees (and not just any trees – oaks), orange and brown autumn leaves, patches of shrubbery, fog that creates a mysterious mood and obscures details, and a small river or stream. I especially like the way the long lower branches almost touch the water, and a subtle, barely noticeable ripple on its surface.

Impermanence is the Language of Nature

1 Jordan

From the project “Shapes of Earth”, Jordan 2023

Impermanence is nature's language. Translating this language into photographs is what I try to do with my shots.

My name is Stefano Balma and I am a landscape photographer born in Turin (Italy) in 1988. In every phase of my life, I have dedicated myself to some form of art, first with drawing, then with music. In 2017, I moved to Genoa, and in 2019, I encountered photography during a wonderful tour in Morocco with my wife. For that trip, I bought my first camera, a Nikon Z50, whose functions I knew nothing about and which I used strictly in automatic mode, with very poor results. I knew absolutely nothing about photography, and it had never interested me before, but I felt that it was through a camera that I would best capture those wonderful experiences.

Since that moment, I have dedicated at least one or two hours a day to photography, studying technique, composition and post-production, all aspects that I find interesting and fascinating. I also renewed my equipment in a short time, replacing the Z50 (APS-C) with a Z6II (FF) and investing in quality lenses.

Nature has always been my main subject, but over the years, I have tried to include more introspective themes in my shots, which have always been very important in my life. By attending a local Buddhist community, I have developed a particular sensitivity towards themes such as impermanence and the flow of existence, which I have progressively tried to represent through wind-eroded rocks and the mutability of arctic landscapes.

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From the project “Shapes of Earth”, Utah, USA 2021

Shapes of Earth: Nature's Eternal Sculpture

"Shapes of Earth" is a project that I "found myself with" without realizing it. When I started traveling I was mainly attracted to Northern Europe, while my wife had a weakness for Africa and the Middle East. So we bounced between Iceland and Namibia, Greenland and Jordan, Norway and Morocco, all very different places, but united by extraordinary beauty.

When I felt the need to work on projects, a friend recommended the photobook "The Creation" by Ernst Haas, which became a great source of inspiration, giving me the means to find a common thread among my images. Analyzing my archive, I noticed that many photographs showed places with a certain dynamic, strongly shaped by time and elements. From here "Shapes of Earth" was born, to represent the incessant metamorphosis of the landscape (the Earth itself) through the elements Fire, Air and Water.

When I felt the need to work on projects, a friend recommended the photobook "The Creation" by Ernst Haas, which became a great source of inspiration, giving me the means to find a common thread among my images.

3 Egypt

From the project “Shapes of Earth”, White Desert, Egypt 2025

Technical and Artistic Evolution

Having developed the theme based on shots I already possessed, the project was still incomplete and with several visually inconsistent images. The first step to complete it was to add a lens to my equipment. I mainly shot with a wide-angle and a medium telephoto, covering focal lengths from 14 to 200mm; I bought a more powerful telephoto, a Sigma 100-400mm, which allowed me to capture many more details. This choice proved fundamental in giving variety and richness to the project, while at the same time allowing me to better link the various groups of images.

I then planned the trips of the last two years to visit places with precise landscape characteristics, so as to complete the first part of the work. After seeing photos from a friend, I went to Egypt to capture the beautiful limestone formations of the White Desert, a place sculpted by wind and silence. Then, I returned to Iceland to photograph the volcanic landscapes present in the beautiful highlands. With a certain satisfaction I managed to give space to my territory by collecting a good number of images of a stretch of the Genoese coast called Lungomare di Nervi, which with its beautiful textures does not pale at all when compared to much more famous places.

4 Iceland

From the project “Shapes of Earth”, kerlingarfjöll, Iceland 2023

Project Challenges

Photographing while traveling inevitably means leaving some shots in the field. Conditions are often not perfect, and it happens that you have to change plans and improvise. I would like to return to photograph the deserts of Arizona and Utah and still capture the tufa of Mono Lake at the foot of the Sierra Nevada. I went there 4 years ago during our honeymoon trip, but at that moment I was not yet photographically ready for that vastness and I wasted a lot. Photographing those places made me understand why so many great photographers were born in the United States and how those landscapes shaped their style.

Over time I have greatly refined the organizational and photographic aspects of travel, trying not to rely completely on weather conditions to bring home good shots. This has greatly influenced my photographic style: I have focused on making the best use of the quality of available light and on capturing intimate scenes, rather than relying on the hope of finding a beautiful sunset sky.

Photographing while traveling inevitably means leaving some shots in the field. Conditions are often not perfect, and it happens that you have to change plans and improvise.

5 Lofoten

From the project “Shapes of Earth”, Lofoten islands, Norway 2025

Future Developments

Shapes of Earth is the result of six years of photography, which I hope one day to be able to collect in a book. Precisely for this reason, the project is still expanding: I have already planned the next destinations, mostly in Italy, a country with an extraordinary naturalistic and geological heritage but still little known. I want to show how the same transformative events that shaped Iceland or Utah have given birth to masterpieces here too, at my home.

6 Genova

From the project “Shapes of Earth”, Genova, Italy 2024

Other Projects

Parallel to "Shapes of Earth", I have developed two other projects that explore similar themes from different perspectives. "Shapes of Ice, on the life of arctic glaciers", represents the agony of glacier melting and their progressive dissolution into water. Ice is an element that inspires me a lot because of its mutability and its delicacy.

I organized a trip to Disko Bay specifically to be able to capture the icebergs of Greenland, a country that already glimpses the political and environmental consequences of global warming. Telling the story of ice melting is the way I have chosen to draw attention to this problem and, at the same time, reflect on the flow of life and the transformation of what surrounds us.

Parallel to "Shapes of Earth", I have developed two other projects that explore similar themes from different perspectives. "Shapes of Ice, on the life of arctic glaciers",

7 Glacier

From the project “Shapes of Ice”, Skaftafell glacier, Iceland 2024

"Sati Vana" instead is a project developed entirely in my region and stems from a personal interpretation of the Beigua Natural Park. Located between sea and mountain, the park is characterized by vast beech forests often shrouded in fog, which create an atmosphere suspended between dream and wakefulness transforming its forests into a place of introspection and transformation.

It is in this liminal space that trees seem to come to life and interact with us, establishing relationships that are not always idyllic, indeed, often disturbing and destabilizing; it is in this dimension that we have the possibility to recognize what manifests inside and outside of us, as part of a single reality in constant transformation.

8 Sati Vana

From the project “Sati Vana”, Beigua Natural Park, Liguria, Italy, 2024

Photography has given me back the enthusiasm of discovery, that curious and amazed look that you have as children. For me it is a great game, and I have the fortune of being able to play it every day. Transforming what we live into images is anything but simple: it requires constant work on oneself, on one's ability to observe, feel and communicate. Sometimes it can be frustrating, but I often find it therapeutic.

And to think that everything started just to preserve some travel memories! But you know, after every trip you never really return the same as before.

Nigel Danson

After a life changing experience in Yosemite National Park, he left behind a successful corporate career to follow his love of landscape photography. Today, Nigel is known for his painterly woodland scenes, his inspiring YouTube channel with half a million followers, and his commitment to sustainable, meaningful creative practice.

In this conversation, he reflects on rediscovering joy through photography, the value of printing, the collaboration with Fotospeed developing the Natural Smooth 310 paper, and his ongoing mission to capture every county in England.


Dji 20231107081958 0536 D Enhanced Nr

You started your photography journey when you were 11 years old. Tell us about this, and what was it that sparked your interest?

It all began when I received a Brownie camera as a Christmas gift, and it truly sparked something within me. Being dyslexic, I always struggled with words and writing, but photography offered a visual way to express myself freely, without the frustration of words! It felt like a door opening to a world where I could communicate through images alone.

We’d love to hear a bit about your background, what you studied, and your path to what kind of work you do now.

I continued pursuing photography throughout my school years, and when I went to university, I studied physics—specifically astrophysics, which fed my inner science geek. During that time, I experimented with capturing shots through telescopes, blending my love for the stars with photography.

After graduating, I began selling my prints and found some early success, but life took a turn when I had my three children, prompting me to put photography on the back burner for a while. I set up a software company and moved to America, where life became incredibly busy. Through it all, photography simmered in the background, but never fully faded away with one exhibition in the Peak District for charity.

Thinking Small in Fall

Excuse me, what are you taking a picture of?” Startled, I pulled my eye away from the viewfinder to see where the voice was coming from. A woman was stopped along the trail, concentrating on the ground directly below my camera. I had started my hike long before sunrise, but now it was already close to noon, and a train of people was coming up the narrow trail behind me.

I had been in a trance-like state, without any regard for the passing time, as I slowly worked my way up the trail while closely observing the beautiful autumn scenery around me in solitude and silence, stopping to photograph each scene that caught my eye. I was using my large telephoto lens and a setup that to her, probably looked quite expensive and serious, and so she must have thought I should be photographing something serious as well. She had a perplexed look on her face as she repeatedly looked at my camera and then down at the ground where it was pointing, trying to determine what it was that I was photographing. I pointed out the small pile of fallen scrub oak leaves on the side of the trail, which only made her even more confused; perhaps unable to understand how something so ordinary could possibly be worth taking the time to photograph. After a few awkward moments of silence, she turned back towards the trail and continued hiking.

From Inspiration to Illusion

Nigelcooke Inspiration And Illusion 1

I’ve just been catching up with the work of someone I’ve been following online for a few months. I eagerly await the notification of a new post, and while I’m hungry for more than their regular weekly offering, I’m glad that the content they choose to share is deep, personal, and from the heart.

Serendipity

Their words and subsequent struggles seem to match my own, and this wonderful discovery came at just the right time in my life. I, too, have been struggling with my creativity, with the future. Full of fears and self-doubt. I feel for them when things go wrong, and am elated when they catch a break. Colour in the sky during a sunrise shoot. A sold print. Sales of their latest e-book are doing well. They feel like a friend, such is my concern for their well-being. Their story is my own personal binge-watch series, and I happily spend time each day repeating previous episodes, while I wait for the next one to drop.

In short, I’m invested. If they did t-shirts, I’d be first in line.

Navigating the Currents of Art and Science

Since the invention of photography, scientists have used documentary photographs to explain their methods, to show results, and as sources of data. More recently, some scientists are focusing on links between science and art. For example, natural scientists in the “SciArt” community (e.g.www.sciartinitiative.org) are creating art using photographs of scientific processes and phenomena, with the goal of making science more interesting for the wider public.

As a science-adjacent water expert, I’ve seen firsthand how challenging it is for environmental professionals to connect with non-specialists whose support is important to the success of their work. Water is a very technical domain, and many people lack the basic science foundation needed to understand the issues. I’ve become interested in ways artistic photography can prompt deeper conversations about underlying scientific and technical challenges relating to water and the environment.

In art making, we are most free when we are unconstrained by the tastes and preferences of others, such as gallerists, critics, and potential buyers. In contrast, when art making is our livelihood, or when responding to external drivers is necessary, the tastes and preferences of others can matter immensely.

The challenge is multiplied when art-making takes place in a collaborative setting involving non-artists. It’s one thing for the artist to consider what hypothetical audiences might prefer. It’s another thing entirely to accommodate the preferences of actual collaborators who have their own ideas and agendas.

In the context of art-science projects, trustworthiness is an additional consideration that must be balanced. Science is rooted in reality and depends on trust. Thus, photography that is anchored strongly in reality is a natural fit with efforts to bridge art and science.

In the context of art-science projects, trustworthiness is an additional consideration that must be balanced. Science is rooted in reality and depends on trust. Thus, photography that is anchored strongly in reality is a natural fit with efforts to bridge art and science. It helps when the answer to the question, “Is what I’m seeing in this photograph real?” is “Yes”. But photographs that are too literal, too straightforward, may fail as art.

These considerations have been front-and-centre for me during the past three years as I collaborated with water professionals through an art-science integration project funded by Canada’s Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council. The goal of our project was to explore how art­science approaches based on photography could catalyze engagement with local water management activities in southern Ontario, Canada.

In this editorial, I use the example of my collaboration with colleagues at Conservation Halton (CH), one of Ontario’s 36 conservation authorities. Conservation authorities are science-based watershed management organizations with responsibilities for water management, environmental conservation, recreation, and public engagement.

R. De Loe On Landscape 08

We chose Crawford Lake, one of CH’s properties, as the focal point for a visual story that could set the stage for conversations with community members and key stakeholders about underlying scientific and technical challenges faced by conservation authorities.

Crawford Lake is a tiny meromictic lake nestled in the limestone of the Niagara Escarpment in southern Ontario. Meromictic lakes are unusual because they have two layers of water that do not mix. Conservation Halton has been stewarding Crawford Lake and the surrounding property since 1969. The property is a centrepiece in its environmental education programming, in large part because of the strong connection to Indigenous people who occupied the site historically, and who continue to live in the region and steward its lands and waters.

We envisioned several outputs for the body of work I created during 2024-25, starting with an exhibition at CH’s 50th anniversary Gala on June 12, 2025. From the beginning, we planned to use prints, rather than just a website, because we wanted to support in-person conversations among technical experts, community members, and key stakeholders.

Curating the nearly 250 candidate images I created in 2024-25 to produce a coherent visual story for the exhibition, and then writing the supporting text, was challenging but extremely rewarding. While the photographs are my work, the story we created together is ours.

The process of creating the exhibition highlighted the tensions and compromises underlying art-science collaboration. My strong preference for photography grounded in reality was a good fit for this project, but my fondness for near-abstraction and my penchant for noticing and photographing unusual things that often are missed by other people created an internal conflict we needed to solve together.

In the rest of this editorial, I briefly explore what worked for this project and what didn’t work, using a few examples. I also present a selection of images that were not used in the exhibition, primarily because they did not meet the needs of this art-science integration project; these are among my favourites from the larger body of work.

What Worked for the Exhibition

The exhibition space at the Gala had room for 20-30 photographs, divided among the core themes in the storyline we developed. I chose 57 photographs from the pool of 250 and brought prints to a workshop for 15 CH staff.

I chose 57 photographs from the pool of 250 and brought prints to a workshop for 15 CH staff. The workshop format allowed participants to “vote” on candidate photographs for each theme, and to discuss their choices.
The workshop format allowed participants to “vote” on candidate photographs for each theme, and to discuss their choices.

Preferences were not monolithic, but it quickly became clear that photographs that were favoured by the environmental professionals at the workshop were intelligible, fit clearly within the themes of the story, and tended to be conventional and literal.

The photograph we chose as the opener for the visual story is a good example. It is easily recognizable as a lake in this part of the world. As a photograph, it fits comfortably within the “lake-trees-clouds-reflections” style that is common in landscape photography. Indeed, CH uses an image that looks like this on a sign that welcomes visitors to the property. Photographs like this are very accessible for a general audience.

R. De Loe On Landscape 01

One of my favourite near-abstraction photographs from the project made it into the exhibition, but somewhat grudgingly. At our curation workshop, this image of the lake in the early morning after a rain shower was one of two candidates for the “closer” in the visual story.

Most people preferred the other candidate, a more conventional reflection image that was easier to understand. In the end, participants came around to this image because it supported a key closing message from this part of the story more effectively; it helped that the colour palette (blue and green) complemented the Gala colour palette.

One of my favourite near-abstraction photographs from the project made it into the exhibition, but somewhat grudgingly. At our curation workshop, this image of the lake in the early morning after a rain shower was one of two candidates for the “closer” in the visual story.

R. De Loe On Landscape 02

The images we used in the exhibition are the best indicator of what worked for this art-science collaboration. The photographs and text from our visual story, Crawford Lake – Where Waters Gather, are available at this link: https://www.robdeloephotography.com/Works/Crawford-Lake.

What Didn’t Work for this Visual Story

Many of the 57 candidate photographs considered at the curation workshop were not favoured simply because people preferred one option over another; this is normal and expected during any curation exercise. However, from the perspective of a researcher interested in understanding how art­s-cience approaches based on photography can catalyze engagement with local water management activities, I watched for other factors that shaped how participants responded to photographs.

However, from the perspective of a researcher interested in understanding how art­s-cience approaches based on photography can catalyze engagement with local water management activities, I watched for other factors that shaped how participants responded to photographs.

I quickly realized that my delight in near-abstraction and unusual things in nature was a liability rather than an asset in this kind of project. Many of my personal favourites were received coolly because it wasn’t obvious enough what the viewer was seeing, or it wasn’t readily apparent how an ambiguous-seeming photograph supported a theme.

A good example is this eastern white cedar that is growing upside down from the side of a limestone cliff, into the water of Crawford Lake. I was excited to share this photograph with my CH collaborators because I considered it a good fit for the part of the story that showcased the ecosystem around Crawford Lake. However, its strangeness did not resonate with my colleagues, and they were concerned that our intended audience would not understand what they were seeing. Communication and understanding are essential to the success of the project; thus, the image did not make the cut.

G. Characteristic Niagara Escarpment Preserved

With what I learned from the workshop in mind, I didn’t bother trying to convince my collaborators that we should use this next photograph of a vernal pool. These small, water-filled depressions in the limestone landscape are an important part of the ecosystem.

This photograph of a vernal pool delights me because it is literal, yet leaves much to the imagination of the viewer. However, it is not as accessible as the more conventional (yet hopefully still intriguing) vernal pool photograph I used in the exhibition (see link).

With what I learned from the workshop in mind, I didn’t bother trying to convince my collaborators that we should use this next photograph of a vernal pool. These small, water-filled depressions in the limestone landscape are an important part of the ecosystem.

R. De Loe On Landscape 04

Final Thoughts,

In art-science collaborations, meeting people where they are – intellectually, culturally, and emotionally – is essential. It’s a tricky balancing act. The artist who is interested in successfully bridging art and science is not free to ignore the tastes, preferences and knowledge of the audience.

The artist who is interested in successfully bridging art and science is not free to ignore the tastes, preferences and knowledge of the audience.

Many of my favourite photographs from the body of work I completed for this project in 2024-25 (reproduced on the following pages) were not used in the exhibition. Instead, the images we chose for our visual story tended to a more literal and conventional documentary style that prioritized understanding for a non-specialist audience.

At the same time, a major goal of the project was exploring whether visual stories like the one we created using Crawford Lake could motivate viewers to become interested in the technical and scientific topics that underpin environmental management. As an educator, I’ve learned that curiosity, wonder and mystery can get people to make the extra effort that is needed to engage more deeply with technical and scientific topics. Art can be an excellent way to access those dimensions.

Squaring this circle is a key challenge for people who are interested in using photography to deepen engagement with complex scientific and technical questions.

Natural Landscape Photography Awards 2025

Every year since year two, we have tried to include some ‘special awards’. There were created for a few different reasons. Primarily to ensure that certain classes of image that may be under or over represented in the main categories can have a focused outlet. E.g. in the first year we included Rocks & Geology, Trees & Forests, Snow & Ice, Mountains and Rivers & Seas. These just seemed to be some core subjects to include. We also an Aerial category and a Nightscape category as we had the opposite problem to a few competitions where the general success of drone, aurora and milky way photos was overpowering a lot of more natural landscapes. Our judges had enough of the novelty factor of these images and hence we didn’t get many in our finals. To counter this, adding them as separate categories allowed us to show case the very best in one place.

In the second year, we included Environmental, Deserts and Seascapes and in the third year we added Black and White and ‘Common Places’, an attempt to give people a chance to let composition shine over dramatic locations. Year four saw Creative Icons (have a chance to show off your great photos of classic locations) and Environmental Wildlife. Finally this year we added a Tropical Landscapes, although many people confused temperate rainforest with tropical.

So here’s a run down of some of our top images in our special category sections.

Desert Landscapes

Although we have few desert environments in Europe (apart form perhaps Hull) there are many places around the world that offer unique possibilities. Most of what we see from deserts are usually the classic dune photos. We see so many dune photos (and no massive spice worms!). However, there are people out there who find original takes on every environment and Louis' winning image is a classic.

Louis Ouimet 3526 63587

Desert Landscapes, Winner
Louis Ouimet, CA

Unexpected
You usually don't go to sand dunes to get snow photos, but after heavy dump of snow at the Great Sand Dunes National Park that was unexpectedly what I was gifted!

John Meragias 3622 55715

Desert Landscapes, Runner Up
John Meragias, CA

Alone Together
Taken from an open door helicopter, this photo shows two trees alone in a dry and desolate landscape. These trees have actually been dead for hundreds of years and have been permanently frozen in time together.

Prajit Ravindran 428 61051

Desert Landscapes, Third Place
Prajit Ravindran, US

Snow Globe
In January of this year, I had planned a trip to Bryce Canyon. There was no forecast of snow, but I hoped for fog instead and went anyway. On this freezing morning, I was greeted with snow flurries instead. As I was photographing this magical scene, I heard the words - "I guess we are the only crazy ones to be around here this morning" from the only other person I saw that morning, who happened to be a landscape photographer too.

Frozen Worlds

There are few things that sprinkle the landscape with magic to compare with the simple effects of sub-zero temperatures. From snow and ice to frost and atmospheric halos, the freezing cold transforms our world. Our winning image shows sundogs above a wonderful, flowing snowy landscape. Makes me eager to see what winter will do this year!

Vojtech Schmidt 6113 61790

Frozen Worlds, Winner
Vojtech Schmidt, CZ

Snow pit
At first, this didn’t feel like an obvious scene. But when the sun rose and golden light began to spill across the fresh snow, the whole scene came together. The halo effect caused by drifting snow was the cherry on top – a reward after a long, frigid night.

Rupert Kogler 6187 63311

Frozen Worlds, Runner Up
Rupert Kogler, AT

Heat of Hoar
Areas where sun and fog merge are always worth a closer look, especially in the woods. This particular day I just went out to a forest close to my hometown and I was lucky enough to experience these conditions, but not enough of that, the sun was already very low and the light was warm. But the most mesmerizing thing actually was, that the sun melted the hoar frost in the tree tops and these particles of ice finally fell down as a glittering curtain from time to time.

Pal Hermansen 3756 59066

Frozen Worlds, Third Place
Pal Hermansen, NO

Light play over the lake
The low winter light plays over the ice surface, revealing an otherwise unseen world.

In Your Backyard

We've had a similar category called 'common places' before as we figured that people might live in Yosemite (or Glencoe for that matter) and in your backyard doesn't mean much beyond luck/good planning. However, I think people understood the task and we received some really nice entries that we think represent the skills of the photographer in finding gems in the mundane and using their skills to make the most of them.

Patrick Krohn 1482 58639

In Your Backyard, Winner
Patrick Krohn, US

Emerging From the Wreckage
The roots of this pine tree were exposed after it was toppled when Hurricane Helene hit South Carolina with wind gusts over 70 mph in late September 2024. Thousands of healthy trees were delimbed or uprooted, and cleanup efforts of the wreckage took months. Evident that this image was taken in January 2025, and this tree was finally removed in February – five months after the storm.

Anton Gorlin 143 56761

In Your Backyard, Runner Up
Anton Gorlin, AU

Jabba the Hutt
I like finding the unusual in the mundane, whether it’s pareidolia or a sudden metaphor. In this case, it wasn’t just an old tree. The moment I saw it, I saw Jabba, slouching into the landscape like he'd always been there.

Jack Krohn 1935 65811

In Your Backyard, Third Place
Jack Krohn, US

Cling
This image is from a memorable outing to a local park, where I often take our dog for exercise and enjoy exploring as the seasons change. During a cold snap in January, the shallow pond that forms during winter rains froze over, creating irresistible conditions we don't often see in the lowlands of Puget Sound, including this scene of leaves encased in ice. I felt that the reflections of the surrounding bushes and sky added interesting structure and an unexpected color palette, while the complex ice textures contributed a sense of impressionism to the image.

Mountains

With myself, Matt Payne and Alex Nail on as organisers, we felt we had to have good representation for mountain photography. Even though it often does well in the grand scenic category, I think our opportunity to recognise a few extra images doesn't go amiss. Especially when we have a winner like Ross' image!

Ross Davidson 3938 59594

Mountains, Winner
Ross Davidson, GB

Allure' - Sgurr an Fhidhleir, Coigach, Scotland
The view from 'The Fiddler' is arguably one of the greatest in Scotland, with the excellent vantage point of the spectacular, monolithic peaks that rise abruptly from the expansive landscape of Assynt and Coigach. The image was my attempt at creating an intricate, detailed and unique composition at what is a relative 'classic' - as far as mountain photography in Scotland is concerned, at least! Hopefully, you agree that I have achieved that.

Scott Oller 1375 64172

Mountains, Runner Up
Scott Oller, US

Last Light on Cloud’s Rest
I love the thrill of watching the sunset from high on a remote mountain, knowing that a long descent in the dark awaits. This distant view of Cloud’s Rest, framed by a glowing ridgeline, caught my eye with its vibrant colors and angular lines.

Lukáš Veselý 3652 60354

Mountains, Third Place
Lukáš Veselý, CZ

Granite scenes
This is the most majestic places in Lofoten, Norway but it is not right by the road so hardly anyone knows it.

Rocks and Geology

The quarries loss was our win for our first place image. In South America, a marble seam was found that eventually was recognised as too poor for mining. Instead, you can kayak around the edges of the formation and find views like our winners. It's also great to see some excellent black and white photography represented (in our woodland category too!)

Spencer Cox 2745 54962

Rocks and Geology, Winner
Spencer Cox, US

Creation of Earth
The enigmatic patterns of these marble caves struck me as telling a story of creation: growing trees, ancient mountains, swirling galaxies. After taking this photo, I learned that that the marble in this scene was only saved from mining because it is considered "low quality." I wonder, then, how many other remarkable scenes have vanished in service of our countertops?

Doug Hammer 2948 55742

Rocks and Geology, Runner Up
Doug Hammer, US

Cathedral Gorge State Park
Exploring the reflected light and shadow on the unique patterns of the soft clay walls, Doug beautifully displays the wonder of this gorge. Sadly, he passed away in July 2025 before learning of the contest results. He would have been incredibly honored to know his work was included with this year's winners.

Torsten Pull 1704 61125

Rocks and Geology, Third Place
Torsten Pull, UK

Tumbling
The image was taken on a Mesa in Utah on a freezing December morning (-10C/14F). Hiking up in the dark to this amazing place was an interested experience. The scene that unfolded before me was definetely worth the effort.

Seascapes

There is a particular skill in capturing engaging seascapes. Often we end up with awkward, extreme wide sunset images that don't do the experience of exploring our coast line justice. Lizzie's image as a great example of an image that evokes the softness of a Hebridean slack tide. Allowing the Lewissian gneiss to blend into the soft breakers and on toward a bubbling sky.

Lizzie Shepherd 293 61820

Seascapes, Winner
Lizzie Shepherd, GB

A shoreline of ancient Lewisian gneiss at dawn, with the Harris Hill beyond.
Harris is perhaps best known for its pristine, sandy beaches, but I am always drawn to its extraordinary rocky shoreline, made up of Lewisian gneiss formed millions of years ago. The challenge is to marry that complex and beautiful foreground with the wonderful backdrop of the Harris Hills in the distance. This is the closest I've come yet, but it's work in progress!

Philipp Jakesch 97 57452

Seascapes, Runner Up
Philipp Jakesch, AT

On a quiet winter morning
I had to stop the car—the landscape was just too incredible to pass up. The soft, wet snow in the foreground made for a challenging shot, but I loved carefully lining up the beautiful, branching puddle with the famous Icelandic landmark far in the distance.

Robert Birkby 3445 55893

Seascapes, Third Place
Robert Birkby, GB

Curves
A photograph captured at the end of a summer's day on the Isle of Harris, Scotland. The light was fading and a long exposure time of two minutes was used to smooth the ocean and clouds, which seemed to complement each other perfectly.

Tropical Landscapes

The tropical landscape category was a little undersubscribed but we had a few really interesting images. Matthia Libor's excellent palm tree image is a classic and Grégoire's Canary Island view handles that harsh equator light so well.

Grégoire Pansu 6197 64433

Tropical Landscapes, Winner
Grégoire Pansu, FR

Golden shores
I captured this image in northern Tenerife, at a location I had long hoped to revisit after a first attempt years before, when conditions weren’t ideal. This time, the clouds parted at just the right moment—only for a few fleeting minutes—allowing me to frame the sharp cliffs through the stems of a solitary cardón cactus.

Mathias Libor 434 56949

Tropical Landscapes, Runner Up
Mathias Libor, DE

Grégoire Pansu 6197 64429

Tropical Landscapes, Third Place
Grégoire Pansu, FR

Towers of Jewels
The small corollas clinging to the flower stems reminded me of jewels, so delicate and colorful, displaying shades ranging from pure white to deep purple. I particularly loved the composition as these well aligned floral stems echo the pointed peaks in the background, creating harmony between the foreground and the horizon.

Woodlands

Kenny Muir's frost limned Scot's Pine is a classic. The contrast of shadow and bright white outline is uncanny and the background, with it's hanging sunlit mist provides a great scene by itself. Franka's split Yosemite black and white is another captivating image, so well seen and Andrea's frosty willow has a uncanny glassy quality.

Kenny Muir 379 57958

Woodland, Winner
Kenny Muir, GB

Remnant of time
A dead Scots pine tree can remain upright for many decades as its high resin content and dense heartwood provide resistance to decay. This photograph was captured in Scotland's ancient Caledonian Forest during an exceptionally cold start to winter. The backlit frost on the pine snag made it a striking presence against the frozen woodland beyond.

Franka Gabler 787 60086

Woodland, Runner Up
Franka Gabler, US

First Light & Meadow Mist, Yosemite Valley
The first kiss of morning light reaches the tree tops in Yosemite Valley. A veil of meadow mist drifts gently through the meadow, wrapping the trees in silence.

Andrea Lazzarini 1310 65250

Woodland, Third Place
Andrea Lazzarini, IT

Frozen Tears
This morning, all of nature has become a fairytale. Over everything hovers the suspended atmosphere of those frozen tears

End frame: Old Coastguard House, Ynys Llanddwyn, Anglesey by Porl Medlock

In 1978, I started at an art college in Yorkshire. After one year of foundation, I chose photography, knowing already that this was going to be my life’s passion.

With my fellow photography students, we as second years were in a kind of common room/studio space with the third years, and once there, I immediately met and became best friends with Porl Medlock. Porl was younger than me, but in the year above because he started there after school, whereas I had worked for a few years.

Porl’s photography was a big influence on me from the start; he showed me how to appreciate good printing and told me about great photographers of the past, such as Bill Brandt, Edward Steichen, and Edward Weston. He also showed me photographers who were doing interesting work at the time; Sarah Moon, Bob Carlos Clarke, and Raymond Moore. We stayed in touch after college finished and have seen each other regularly for about 45 years. Porl does a lot of landscape photography, though he does other stuff too, like portraiture and press work. He mainly shoots 35mm, though he has been shooting 5x4 and 5x7 for the last few years. This picture is quite typical of him, but also has echoes of Cartier Bresson, not that he copies that style; this one just reminds me of CB’s work because of the running boy.

4×4 Landscape Portfolios

Welcome to our 4x4 feature, which is a set of four mini landscape photography portfolios which has been submitted for publishing. Each portfolio consists of four images related in some way. Whether that's location, a project, a theme or a story. See our previous submissions here.

Submit Your 4x4 Portfolio

Interested in submitting your work? We are always keen to get submissions, so please do get in touch!

Do you have a project or article idea that you'd like to get published? Then drop us a line. We are always looking for articles.


Franz Gisin

California's Auburn SRA

Franz Gisin 4x4


Goran Prvulovic

Watershed

Goran Prvulovic 4x4


Kenny Muir

Ancient birch woodland - a seasonal study

Kenny Muir 4x4


Tom Zimberoff

The Giant Camera at Land's End, San Francisco

Tom Zimberoff


The Giant Camera at Land’s End, San Francisco

Tom Zimberoff

The liminal interface of seawater, sand, and sky inspires a construct of consciousness, the space in which everything appears, the light by which everything is seen. It beckons my camera.

Throughout my career, I focused primarily on portraits. Once in a while, I’d point my lens at a landscape, seldom before at the sea.

I used to think of the beach as a background. Now, it’s a theme. With a fresh eye, the upshot of my long hiatus from photography, and given the proximity of my Outer Sunset neighborhood to Ocean Beach in San Francisco, I’ve discovered a rhythmic confluence of color and time that pulls me in like a riptide. As evanescent as it is powerful, this phenomenon can only be depicted with the unblinking eye of a camera adjusted to thwart its mechanical intent to stop time.

As paradoxical as it might seem, the most visually appealing characteristics of movement for me, notwithstanding dance, can only be seen when arrested and confined within the two-dimensional frame of a photograph. With that in mind, I can combine two techniques to achieve a singular illusion. One freezes time; the other melts it.

Photographers share their artistic vision by creating windows. A photograph is a window left open, an invitation for viewers to sustain a lucid dream. Its reality transcends language. For instance, a mirage exists by definition; the dictionary assures us it is real. But can you measure the depth of the water it pretends to be?

This particular series, from a larger set of Ocean Beach seascapes, depicts the Giant Camera, perched high atop Point Lobos at Land's End, San Francisco. Adjacent to my Outer Sunset neighborhood, this scene is walking distance from my house, where I have depicted many sunrises and sunsets—and in between.

The Giant Camera is a human scale, walk-in camera obscura perched on the cliffs behind the historic Cliff House. Built in 1946 by a local entrepreneur, it was inspired by a 15th-century design attributed to Leonardo da Vinci. Inside, it projects a live, 360-degree view of the Pacific Ocean, Seal Rocks, and Ocean Beach onto a parabolic viewing table. The rotating mirror system atop the structure completes a full revolution every six minutes, offering a dynamic and immersive perspective of the surroundings. It is like literally walking inside a camera—you are the film (or digital sensor). The Giant Camera was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

Giant Camera Up Top 0015

Giant Camera Up Top 0035

Giant Camera Up Top 0047

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Ancient Birch Woodland – a seasonal study

Kenny Muir 4x4

I'm not really a bucket list person. I often find myself at the same locations, where every visit reveals something new. This is a short series of 4 images taken in a local ancient birch woodland across the seasons.

The first photograph is in mid spring when the birch leaves are luminous and delicate. The greens deepen, and by the end of summer, the heather (Calluna vulgaris) is in full bloom. In autumn, the colour from the heather subsides, and the blaeberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) injects a vibrant red, as the birch leaves turn to gold. Snowfall, which is becoming increasingly rare in winter, leaves an almost monochromatic scene, except for the abundant green lichen (Usnea filipendula).

Kennymuir Autumn Copy Kennymuir Spring Kennymuir Summer Kennymuir Winter (1)

Watershed

Goran Prvulovic 4x4

I am fortunate to live in a city founded and developed on the banks of the two rivers. Besides supplying fresh water for the city, rivers host many bridges, parks, viewpoints, bicycle and hiking paths, beaches, and watersheds. Too small for sailing and large boats, these mountain rivers are perfect for rafting and fishing. There is no question that the city’s social life happens at the riverbanks.

One of my favourite spots is just 30 minutes from my house. A small bend in the river, where ducks swim, trails through the shallows and all manner of birds can be heard, especially at sunset. Here, the hectic noise of the city falls away, replaced by the stillness of dusk and the soft lullaby of the gentle river and its animals, who call it their home.

While just a small part, this river is part of a bigger watershed I’ve explored many times. Constantly changing with the seasons, this spot is never the same yearly. The subtly changing ecosystem here, in some ways, is a mirror of my own life and how my photography has evolved. I still look for beauty, but instead of chasing it across the Albertan landscape, I now let Mother Nature's beauty come to me.

These pictures represent not a small bend in a river but a momentary bookmark of a living journal of nature. Sometimes, people ask why I keep returning to the same place repeatedly. I tell them it is never the same. I want to witness its story. Every image I take here is not just a photo—it is part of a promise to pay attention, speak up through pictures, and protect what still flows.

Watershed 1 Watershed 2 Watershed 3 Watershed 4

California’s Auburn SRA (State Recreational Area)

Franz Gisin 4x4

Over the years, I've accumulated a fairly long list of favorite day-trip-sized go-to locations. A large majority of them are in places firmly anchored in geologic time. But at the same time, it was filled with vibrant energy that ebbs and flows in harmony with the seasons, the weather, and the position of the sun. In this case, California's Auburn SRA (State Recreational Area), where the intersection of two Sierra Nevada mountain canyons allows the north and middle forks of the American River to merge.

Curiosity has always been one of my favorite collections of positive emotions. I'll be strolling through life, absorbed in deep thought, when my eyes will see something interesting. And in a split second, faster than I can consciously comprehend, my curiosity will take command and start detouring in for a closer inspection. It’s the reason why I find small scenes of nature's intricate patterns and textures more interesting than epic, eye-popping, large-scale vistas. And why my 100 - 400 mm telephoto lens is my favorite lens because it allows me to zoom in on subjects that are not accessible by any other means. As you can see from these four images, this location perfectly fits my preferred compositional style "to a T".

Fgisin On Landscape 4x4 Images 01 Fgisin On Landscape 4x4 Images 02 Fgisin On Landscape 4x4 Images 03 Fgisin On Landscape 4x4 Images 04

As Long as I Can

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Meersburg is just a name on a list. Just a name on another list I wrote, approved by someone else, and photographed in my own way.

Meersburg is just a name on a list. A name on another list I wrote, approved by someone else, and photographed in my own way. These lists I keep making each year, which end up taking me to places I wasn’t destined to see, let alone photograph.
One of those lists I keep making each year, which end up taking me to places I wasn’t destined to see, let alone photograph.

This list took me here, and so here I am, feeling the chilling wind from the old window nearby, blowing on my right arm as rain hits the outside pavement. That outside pavement I should walk on to get to the viewpoints I intend to photograph under glowing sunlight.

It is the third time I wrote Meersburg on the list, but the weather keeps defying me.

Print Your Legacy

A Study of the California Desert

It's Tim Parkin writing, I just wanted to take a moment to give some background to my experiences with digital book printing. I have looked at this process in the past (over a decade ago) and was fairly quick to eliminate it for anything serious, and the thought of using it to print fine art black and white photographs was laughable. At the time, the only offer in town was Blurb, and it was fair to say that the results were poor. The screen (dot pattern) was coarse, the inks were not particularly vibrant, and the accuracy of registration meant that colour shifts were common. At the time, it was CMYK offset litho or the highway! Since then, I’ve seen a couple of pretty decent catalogs and one book pass by my desk, but it was when I was at Johnson’s of Nantwich that I discovered how much this printing methodology had improved. John Macmillan made a proof printing of our Natural Landscape book, and I was very impressed at both the colour accuracy and the fine detail.

Book Cover

I was equally surprised and pleased when I received my copy of Michael Gordon’s book, and initially thought it was actually litho as the telltale magentas and greens of the previous black and white prints I’d seen on digital were totally absent. I spent a few minutes with a loupe going from page to page until I finally said “that’s good enough”.

I’m obviously not saying it’s good enough to replace platinum printing, tritone litho or toned FB prints. What I’m saying is that it’s good enough to portray acceptable reproductions of good photography that I’m willing to spend some of my own money on it. It’s good enough to communicate your photographic ideas to your audience. It’s good enough to forget about and enjoy the quality of the photographs.

Maxresdefault

So that’s what I did for the next hour or two. I spent a while with Michael’s black and white photographs of the California desert’s less mobile occupants. And there are some sublime images in here, from pictorial swirls of my favourite Juniper photograph taken with Michael’s Wollensack Verito lens (whose ownership and use I’m a little envious off) to more contemporary portrayals. I particularly enjoyed the narrative throughout, opening a window into those desert Denizens that Michael obviously loves so much (apart from maybe the cholla cactus - devious little things!).

The fact that the work is up to Michael’s high standards is a testament to how much digital printing has improved in the last decade or so, and it’s well worth a purchase (if postage to your location isn’t too onerous!).

Tim Parkin


An affordable, low-risk alternative to traditional book printing.

A photography book, or monograph, has always been the most affordable and uniquely personal way to own and to study photographs. For photographers, monographs allow more of our images to reach more people than any exhibition ever could. And for the cost of a single print, a number of monographs could be added to a book collection, potentially containing hundreds of photographs. Many photographers enjoy robust book collections and libraries whose inspiration we can return to again and again. Is there a photographer out there who hasn’t dreamed of making their own?

Banshee

One of the first things the fine art coffee table photography book aspirant learns about self-publishing is that the cost of producing your dream book can run into the tens of thousands of dollars, depending upon your book’s specifications (physical size; page count; dustjacket or linen cover; etc.) and your threshold for quality. Self-publishing is neither easy nor simple: You might spend upward of a year or more at your computer constructing your book, and you may believe your toil is finally over when you submit your final PDF to the print house. But palettes of books will soon arrive, and they will not sell themselves.

Self-publishing is neither easy nor simple: You might spend upward of a year or more at your computer constructing your book, and you may believe your toil is finally over when you submit your final PDF to the print house. But palettes of books will soon arrive, and they will not sell themselves.

In early 2009, Brooks Jensen of LensWork published an essay titled “Some Unvarnished Truths About Book Publishing” that directed me toward a course of prudence. My data awareness and fiscal conservatism are far larger than my ego, so I took Jensen’s numbers and words with great caution and shelved any ideas about producing a large, high-end coffee table book until some unknown time in the future. For this article, I adjusted Jensen’s 2009 numbers to today: as of 2024, 80% of books published do not earn back their advance, and 90% of books published do not make a profit (all books; and photography books don’t do as well as other categories). The destabilizing hit my ego would take would be far greater than any reward I could imagine if I were to produce a “remaindered” book (those $5 undersold blowout specials found at brick-and-mortar bookstores) or one that I would be left with unsold cartons of in my garage. These numbers should be an even more critical consideration to you if your book and content are more niche-oriented than of universal appeal, as is the case with my latest book, Denizens.

Michael Kenna’s Darkroom Diaries

These words and thoughts from Michael Kenna about the traditional analogue printing process are the result of his personal experiences of working in darkrooms for over half a century. They have provided me with extremely useful insights and background information that has greatly enhanced my appreciation of his exceptionally fine silver gelatin prints which I have been very pleased to exhibit at the Bosham Gallery. Today, in the third of five chapters from his Darkroom Diaries, Michael focuses on grain, cropping and toning.

Sunset, Middleton Cheney, Northamptonshire, England. 1974.

Sunset, Middleton Cheney, Northamptonshire, England. 1974 © Michael Kenna

“A few thoughts on ‘grain’ which is the optical texture of the negative as shown on the print. Grain has become a thing of the past in digital photography but is still prevalent in silver photography. In my experience of seeing particular films come and go, there seems to have been a quest over the years for faster films, lower grain, better resolution and higher acutance. I suppose these are predictable goals for film manufacturers who have tried to eliminate grain as much as possible. Technically, grain increases with smaller and faster films, and with certain developers. Grain appears more pronounced with larger prints and with higher contrast. Grain also appears stronger on large flat areas of grey tonality, rather than in detailed spaces. A 35mm film printed on 8x10 inch paper will go through an enlargement factor of 58. The same film printed on 16x20 inch paper will be enlarged by a factor of 232. The higher the factor, the stronger the grain.

Personally, I have always liked grain in my prints. I regard it as part of the language of photography, almost like a brushstroke. In my early work, I purposely tried to emphasize grain through overexposed and/or over developed negatives. Sunset, Middleton Cheney, Northamptonshire, England 1974 is a good example of this. Certainly, grain obscures detail, but I don’t use photography to be a mirror of the world, and have little interest to be a recording machine, faithfully trying to duplicate everything that I see. Suggestion, interpretation, and evocation are more important to me than accurate description, and I have tried to use grain as an ingredient of that equation. Using the analogy of writing, I aim for haiku rather than an encyclopaedic description. Neither is better or worse, both are valid, they are personal choices in communication.
A quick word about cropping. Perhaps one of the most important and underrated tools in the studio is a set of L-frames. Of course, there is no need to crop if an image fits perfectly into the frame. This avoids over-enlargement, excessive grain, loss of acutance and resolution. However, I believe that photography is a subtractive process, where intelligent cropping, all the way from the initial photographing to making the final print, is very important. Cropping is a valuable continuation of the creative editing process begun when we first cropped, or edited part of the world, for our negative. What we leave out is sometimes as important as what we leave in.

For interest and as a reference: the 35mm format (36x24mm) was originally created by Leica because it doubled the size of existing motion picture film (18x24mm). It was essentially a business and financial decision to use the existing sprocket holes for their first small format cameras. 8x10 inch was the existing American standard plate glass size. A 4x5 inch negative was a convenient quarter. The standard sizes of printing papers are: 8x10, 11x14 and 16x20 inches. The bottom line is that the world does not always fit into these convenient formats. As creative individuals there is no reason to conform to somebody else’s prescribed format. We can, if we so choose, compose to the subject matter, both when photographing and printing.

The photographer David Vestal talks about Procrustes, the ancient Greek, who would have guests over for the weekend. He had one guest bed which his guests had to fit into - exactly. The bed was not adjustable, so he adjusted his guests. Those too short were stretched out, and those too long had their feet chopped off! I sometimes feel that we photographers often do the same in order to fit our images into a specific format. Then again, it is well worth acknowledging that many master photographers have printed their work full frame, often with the black lines marking the edge of the image. I immediately think of Henri Cartier Bresson, Olivia Parker, Richard Avedon, and there are so many others. I cannot say it enough, we each make our own personal choices.

Nine Birds Neg

Full Frame Work Print Of Nine Birds, Taisha Shrine, Honshu, Japan. 2001 © Michael Kenna

Nine Birds Neg

Full Frame Work Print Upside Down Of Nine Birds, Taisha Shrine, Honshu, Japan. 2001 © Michael Kenna

Nine Birds, Taisha Shrine, Honshu, Japan. 2001

Final Cropped Interpreted Print Of Nine Birds, Taisha Shrine, Honshu, Japan. 2001 © Michael Kenna

Back to the darkroom… after the development, stop bath, fixing and washing of the prints, I always tone my prints slightly with either selenium or sepia toners, or both. For the most part, I now use only sepia which is a two-bath process. The first bath contains Potassium Ferricyanide (bleach) and the second Sodium Sulphide. I try to tone the highlights of a print and leave the shadows quite cold. I have found it makes the print more three dimensional. There follows a final wash before a print is ready to be squeegeed and air dried on screens, before being flattened, usually the next day, in a heat press.

I have printed consistently for 50+ years now and should expect to be reasonably competent. I have printed commercially, in both black and white and in colour, and I have printed for other photographers in their respective styles of printing. However, even now, with all this experience, it sometimes takes me two or three sessions with a new negative to get a print that I am fully satisfied with. Fortunately, on more productive days, I can also often print a negative in 3-5 hours. Normally, no matter how confident I am, I make a few extra prints, some of which I consider a bit too light, and others a little dark. Dry down is an important consideration. A wet print is different than a finished dry print. Ansel Adams, for example, used a microwave oven to dry his test prints. The final decision on a print will be made in the cold hard light of the next day, or next week, or the following year after the print has been toned, washed, dried, flattened retouched, mounted, matted and perhaps even exhibited. There is always the possibility of a change of mind. I suspect that time will always be the best judge of a print.

Michael Kenna, 2025


Retired Negatives by Michael Kenna

Retired Negatives by Michael Kenna is an online exhibition of his most collected work over the past 50 years, featuring the remaining Artist Proof editions of photographs whose numbered limited editions have now sold out.

The collection is a chance to acquire a print from editions in which the negative has been formally retired within Michael’s archive. All of his silver gelatin prints are still made by him personally in his darkroom at his home in Seattle. The online exhibition is hosted by Bosham Gallery and can be seen at boshamgallery.com until 17th December 2025.

‘Machine-made pigment prints are of excellent quality, but, at least for me, silver prints remain the gold standard in photography,’ says Michael. ‘It is also comforting to know that these prints are made to archival standards, which means they should well outlast myself and collectors. I keep records of every print I have signed and editioned and have prints in my own collection which I made 50 years ago. They are as good today as when I first made them.’

To accompany Retired Negatives, and to celebrate 50 years of darkroom printing, Bosham Gallery’s Luke Whitaker is presenting a five-part series of chapters from Michael Kenna’s Darkroom Diaries.

Please visit boshamgallery.com to see the online exhibition.

Author image: Michael Kenna Photographed in 2011 by Song Xiangyang © All Rights Reserved

Tim Smith

Image 1

We often get so caught up in our passion for photography that we assume others’ inspiration comes solely from being outdoors or viewing photographs of landscapes. However, speaking to Tim Smith, it’s particularly interesting to learn that his vision and style of images are greatly influenced by his own long-term enjoyment of sketching and painting, and from landscape painters. In our interview, we learn how creativity has never been far away, and how his practice is continuing to evolve.

Would you like to start by telling readers a little about yourself – where you grew up, what your early interests were, and what you went on to do?

Hello, my name is Tim Smith, popular by name, common by nature. A born and bred Derbyshire lad from a village not too far from the market town of Chesterfield, England. I’ve lived here ever since with my wife, my now-grown-up son and daughter, my mother, and, of course, Jake, our ever-so-energetic Border Collie.

With the countryside literally at the front door, and the eastern edge of the Peak District National Park just a couple of miles down the road, cycling and hiking played a large part in my time growing up. Music and the movies, especially an affection for film music, played a large part too, which I now tend to listen to while editing photos.

An interest in science and technology took hold of me from an early age, remembering back to the days when I so keenly wanted to become a cameraman for the BBC or a sound engineer. Eventually, however, I ended up attending my local technical college to study electrical engineering, which ultimately led me into the construction industry, running my own business.

End frame: Arran Light by Dylan Nardini

Being asked to write about a favourite photograph is really difficult. For a start, I’ve come to realise that I simply don’t have one. Part of that is because I came to photography late and whilst many people will revert back to historic stalwarts such as Ansel Adams as their influences, when I started out I had very little idea of his work and others of that ilk. I’d heard people talk of people from our own generation whose names now trip off the tongue - Bruce Percy, William Neil, Guy Tal, Charlie Waite, Joe Cornish, Mark Littlejohn - all incredibly influential published artists who regularly fill these pages and from whose portfolios I could easily have chosen a photograph. But to tell the truth, when I first started down this path, I really had no idea who they were. I probably knew more Instagrammers than serious photographers, although to be fair to one or two of them, they still taught me a few tricks along the way.

So, flicking through some books and social media, I looked back at some of the images that had jumped out at me over the last few years and as much as I remembered recent photographs, such as Stuart McGlennon’s hoar frost image from a winter or two back, I decided to go with something much closer to home.

Dylan Nardini is a friend and someone I’ve been on photo trips with, so I know a few of his images. However, one in particular resonates with me, perhaps because it’s the type of landscape photograph that I wished I was taking on a regular basis. “Arran Light” was one which helped win Dylan the title of Scottish Landscape Photographer of the Year in 2021. Although Dylan is very creative in his work, often experimenting with different techniques such as Polaroid lifts and multiple exposures, this image stands out for me because it is pure landscape. Everything you want in a Scottish landscape photograph is there in one click of the shutter. The windswept tree, a barren hillside, stormy rain clouds enveloping the mountains beyond and of course the colour and drama provided by the double rainbow, which balances the tree perfectly. It is so simple yet it draws the eye in every time.

Sea

For years, John Ash and Paul Gotts would ask me, “When are you going to publish a book?”

And for just as many years, I’d shrug it off with a casual, “Maybe one day.” The truth? I was battling imposter syndrome. Like many photographers, I often see my work through a harsher lens than others do. Nothing ever felt quite good enough. But over time, I’ve come to understand that this relentless self-critique isn’t entirely a flaw—it’s part of what drives growth.

Last year, I helped John and Paul bring their book Home to life. (John and Paul have collaborated on other books: New Beginnings, 2021, and LITTORAL, 2023) I managed the printing for the handmade editions and curated the accompanying prints. Somewhere along the way, the question shifted:

“When are you doing yours?”

In a moment of quiet courage, or maybe just a lapse in hesitation, I said yes. The deal was simple: I’d provide a body of work, and they would handle the editing. I pulled together a large collection of black-and-white images, my true passion and the medium I’m most known for.

So, what changed my mind?

In short: a desire to give back. In 2021, my mum was diagnosed with dementia. Looking back, we missed the early signs; she’d likely been living with it for longer than we knew. Eventually, we moved closer to support her until she could no longer live independently. Around that time, I began selling prints to raise money for Dementia UK and managed to raise over £500. When the idea of a book came up, it felt like the perfect way to do more.

My photography isn’t meticulously planned. I tend to head out, explore, and see what I find. I didn’t set out to create a book, but Sea emerged naturally. Most of my work is coastal and monochrome, and the sea has always drawn me in. I think it’s the simplicity. The coast allows me to forget the noise of everyday life. I focus on light, shapes, and patterns, all while listening to the soothing rhythm of the waves.

I was fortunate to have John and Paul guide the initial editing and sequencing. Their experience was invaluable, especially since sequencing was new territory for me. In the end, only a few changes were made, mainly to smooth the transition from natural seascapes to images featuring manmade structures.

Roker Pier

Roker Pier

One of my favourite images in the book is of Roker Pier. Not because it’s technically my best, or because it’s sold well, but because of the memory it holds. After Mum’s diagnosis, when she could still walk, I took her to places she’d never been.

One of my favourite images in the book is of Roker Pier. Not because it’s technically my best, or because it’s sold well, but because of the memory it holds. After Mum’s diagnosis, when she could still walk, I took her to places she’d never been.
One day, we walked to the end of Roker Pier, something she’d never done, despite living in Sunderland most of her life.

Photographs that evoke memories are special. Whether they’re from years ago or just last week, they remind us of moments we might otherwise forget. Like the image I took at St Andrews beach. It was a calm morning, barely anyone around, just a few dog walkers. For a few minutes, I felt completely at peace, as if the world had paused.

St Andrews Beach

St Andrews Beach

My biggest hurdle was myself: was I good enough? Would anyone even want this book?

The support from John and Paul made all the difference. One day, a surprise package arrived: the first draft of Sea. It stopped me in my tracks. My work beautifully edited, thoughtfully sequenced. For the first time, I felt proud.

The foreword, written by my friend and incredibly talented photographer Andrew Gray, was the perfect finishing touch.

Then came the hardest part: promotion. I’m not a marketer. I don’t have a massive social media following. I had no roadmap. So, I just started sharing daily posts, relying on word of mouth, and asking friends and family to help spread the word. I got featured on internal company channels, and slowly, opportunities followed. Euan from Biblioscape invited me on his podcast. Andrew Banner created a vlog about the book.

The support from the photography community has been overwhelming. People like Mark Littlejohn, Doug Chinnery, and so many others helped amplify the project. I’m endlessly grateful. I wish I could name everyone.

Sea Cover (28th May 2025) Hi Res

The book is now available in four purchasing options:

  • Standard edition at £25.00
  • Signed standard edition at £35.00
  • Signed standard edition + 1 print at £60.00
  • Signed standard edition + all 4 prints at £120.00

Postage and packing is £5.00 (UK), £10.00 (EU) and £20.00 (USA/Canada)

As a very special bonus, anyone buying a book and at least one A4 print will be entered into a draw. The winner of the draw will be able to choose their favourite print from the entire book and have Andrew print it out onto A3 paper together with his signature. The chosen image will never be printed again at this size, so it will, in effect, be an edition of 1.

Flowerscapes

Flowerscapes 001

Foxglove (digitalis), photographed along the road near Garderen, the Netherlands. Thanks to the spots on the inside of the flower, bumblebees and bees are lured into the flowers to snack on the nectar.

A couple of months ago, my new photo book, Flowerscapes. A Bug’s Eye View was published. A book that - as the title reveals - is entirely dedicated to our wildflowers, photographed from ground level. It is clearly different from my previous photo books in several ways, but nonetheless, I believe it fits very well within my style and my vision of photography. 

A couple of months ago, my new photo book, Flowerscapes. A Bug’s Eye View was published. A book that - as the title reveals - is entirely dedicated to our wildflowers, photographed from ground level.

I had been wondering before what an ant sees when it looks up while walking through a field of flowers? Or a ladybug that has just landed on a flower stalk? And I had been thinking how wonderful it would be to photograph wildflowers from such a bug's eye view! But until recently, this remained only a dream. Cameras and lenses — especially professional ones — were simply too large and bulky, and the minimum focusing distance was often at least several dozen centimetres. But when a long, narrow wide-angle macro lens (the Laowa Periprobe) that can be rotated 360 degrees appeared on the market, I suddenly saw a chance to make the dream a reality. The first results were promising, so I decided to put my other photography projects on hold for a while and devote myself entirely to capturing flowerscapes: flowers in their natural habitat, seen from ground level.

It marked the beginning of a personal journey of discovery through countless flower fields and other places where flowers grow, such as roadside verges, forests, dunes, and parks — mostly in my home country, the Netherlands and sometimes just across the border in Germany or Belgium. This also matched my desire as a photographer to work more locally and to reduce my environmental impact. Most destinations were within an hour’s reach, and in some cases, I could even get there on foot or by bike.

Natural Landscape Photography Awards 2025

It's the Natural Landscape Photography Awards time of year again, and we've spent the last few weeks making final decisions on winners during a long seven-hour judging session on Zoom. A big thank you to Matt Palmer from Australia, who had to stay up from midnight until the next morning in order to synchronise with the Europeans and Americans on our panel. The rest of our judging panel consisted of Jennifer Renwick from the US, Jack Lodge from the UK, Anna Morgan from Canada and Hougaard Malan from South Africa.

For those unaware of the competition, it's a business that myself, Matt Payne, Alex Nail and Rajesh Jyothiswaran set up in order to address the problems we saw with existing competitions, particularly those around rigorous checking of raw files to ensure that you can trust that a photograph actually represents what was in front of the photographer.

This year we were met with one of the best collection of images we've received since the start of the competition. 11,023 photographs from 1,134 photographers spread across 64 countries went through six stages of competition judging, all leading to that final seven-hour live round where we discussed 40 photographs, 10 projects and 10 nominees for Photographer of the Year.

It was a really good showing for female photographers with the top three awards, Photographer of the Year, Photograph of the Year and Project all represented.

We also awarded photographs in the Special Categories, which vary from year to year. This year's categories were Tropical Landscapes, Woodlands, Rocks and Geology, Mountains, Frozen Worlds, Desert Landscapes, Seascapes and the locally oriented "In your Backyard". We'll look at these awards in the next issue.

The awards have been talked about in some previous articles which you can find listed on this tag collection.


Photograph of the Year - Margrit Schwarz

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Photograph of the Year, Winner
Margrit Schwarz, CH

Eye of the Canyon
I made this photograph on the final morning of a twelve-day raft trip on the Colorado River. The Grand Canyon’s immensity was overwhelming, yet what captivated me most were the ancient layers of stone, shaped by time and water into abstract forms alive with mystery. For me, "Eye of the Canyon" remains an open invitation to explore, and to return - again and again.


Photographer of the Year - Joy Kachina, Tasmania

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The Artist’s Palette, Central Plateau
On Tasmania’s central plateau, the bark of the snowgum becomes a canvas alive with colour. Layers of ochre, green, blue, and crimson flow across the trunk in patterns reminiscent of cascading water or brushstrokes on a painting. This tree, affectionately called The Artist’s Palette, feels like nature’s own masterpiece, an abstract composition shaped not by hand, but by season, weather, and time.

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Snowgum, Alpine Highlands
In Tasmania’s alpine highlands, the snowgums twist and turn in sculptural forms shaped by weather and time. To stand among them is to feel both endurance and grace. This photograph was created during a deeply personal journey, undertaken through physical challenge and resilience. Despite long hours of travel, harsh weather, and personal struggle, the moment of arrival brought profound peace. Here, in the presence of these ancient trees, the forest felt like home.

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Spirit in Stone, North West Coast
Along Tasmania’s rugged north-west coastline, the cliffs hold stories older than memory. In the etched surfaces of Devonian granite, one can see patterns that seem alive with the spirit of the Palawa people, whose connection to this land stretches back thousands of years. This abstract form felt like a vision from the elders, a spirit taking flight, carried on the wind, carved into stone. Standing before it, the landscape became more than rock and sea. For me it became a story of presence and a feeling of belonging to the landscape itself.

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Left of Centre, Central Plateau
In Tasmania’s Central Plateau Conservation Area, the ancient Pencil Pines endure centuries of wind and weather, their twisted forms shaped by time. Some live for more than a thousand years, standing as guardians along tarns and waterways. This leaning tree, resilient yet graceful, reflects the quiet acceptance of difference, its tilt a reminder that there is beauty in standing apart, and being authentically, you.

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Living Gallery, Alpine Tasmania
In Tasmania’s alpine regions, snowgums and pandani stand side by side in striking contrast, their forms shaped by the elements yet harmonious in their coexistence. Together they create a natural gallery, where diverse plant communities thrive in balance. This moment, discovered on a mountain hike, captures the quiet beauty of resilience and interconnection in the wild. It is a reminder that life’s richest experiences are often found in the unassuming harmony of nature.

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Eucalypt Renewal, Tasmania
In Tasmania’s subalpine forests, autumn strips away old bark to reveal new layers, alive with shifting colours and textures. This seasonal renewal captures both the fragility and resilience of the eucalypt, offering a quiet reminder of belonging and the deep sense of home I find in these woods.

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Frozen Form
On a frosty morning in Tasmania’s alpine wilderness, the Tarn Shelf reveals quiet details often overlooked. Here, a small shrub, encased in ice, takes on the form of an abstract sculpture. The branches, bent and silvered with frost, stand suspended in time before the rising sun melts them back into motion. This fleeting moment of stillness is both fragile and enduring, a reminder that beauty often lies in the smallest, most transient details of the landscape.


Alex Noriega

Few photographers approach nature with the same mix of patience, curiosity, and creative intent as Alex Noriega. Over the past decade and a half, he’s built a reputation for images that are both simple and deeply evocative . The kind that make you pause and look closer. In this interview, Alex talks about his journey from a career in tech to life as a full-time photographer, the slow and deliberate process behind his work, and why embracing mystery and serendipity is at the heart of his approach to the landscape.

Fractal Canopy Yosemite, 2024

We’d love to hear a bit about your background - what you studied or chose to study at school/college, and your path to what kind of work you do now.

I studied Computer Science, if you could even call what I did studying. I mostly skipped university classes and stayed up all night learning guitar; I was a terrible student when I was required to do more than ace the occasional test. This predictably led to dropping out of college after a couple of years of faffing about on campus.

However, I was genuinely interested in computers, as had been the case ever since my mother bought me one for Christmas at the age of 12. So I quickly got a job at a retail electronics store. When that chain went out of business, I took the client relationships I had built and started my own business, building and fixing computers. That was the last time I had a boss—over 17 years ago now.

After a couple of years of running this business, I had lots of spare computer parts to get rid of. Cell phones at the time had terrible cameras, and I needed decent photos of these products to sell them online. So I bought myself an early point-and-shoot digital camera with manual control, and immediately became enthralled with the process of photography. Little did I know I had just begun a lifelong journey!

Subscribers Gallery

Following on from Tim’s article about Aspen (Populus tremuloides) in Issue 335, we’ve received a wide range of responses. The images explore the species from different perspectives — from detailed studies of bark and leaf to wider views showing aspen in its landscape.

Thank you to everyone who contributed; here’s a selection from the submissions. These submissions are ordered by date received, rather than alphabetically.

"I'm blown away by the responses from our call for Aspen photos. I've since heard from a few people who are working on projects about Aspen but also people who work in conservation who have told me some more about how they behave. Over the last week I've been outdoors in Glencoe looking for our own Aspen stands. They're only just starting to change colour but I thought I'd pop a couple of photographs at the end of this article to show some of what we have locally!" - Tim Parkin

Mike Jones

Peak in Colorado,
Gold Camp Road near Cheyenne Canyon in Pike National Forest

Waiting Out Winter,
Palmer Lake, Pike National Forest, Colorado, USA, March 25, after the leaves drop.

Early Colorado,
Pike National Forest near Palmer Lake, Colorado, Sept 14, 2025

Enjoying Summer

Enjoying Summer,
From Limbaugh Canyon, Pike National Forest, Colorado, USA, August 2023, before the leaves turn color.

Sigfrido Zimmermann

Aspen Clonal Group

Aspen Clonal Group,
Sequoia National Park, California, USA, 2020. This stand of aspens is found within a mixed conifer forest that includes Giant Sequoias (Sequoiadendron giganteum) in the Sierra Nevada Mountains.

Aspen Leaves On Snow

Aspen Leaves on Snow,
Sequoia National Park, California, USA, 2022. A mixture of seasons, with an early snowfall in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, made this scene possible.

Uwe Beutnagel

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Roosevelt National Forest, Colorado, USA

Roosevelt National Forest, Colorado, Usa

Roosevelt National Forest, Colorado, USA

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Roosevelt National Forest, Colorado, USA

Christopher Palmer

Chris Palmer Aspen Grove

Aspen Grove, Colorado

Chris Palmer Aspen Rhythmn

Aspen Rhythm, Colorado

Chris Palmer Aspen Saplings

Aspen Saplings, Colorado

Chris Palmer Aspen Tapestry

Aspen Tapestry, Colorado

Ian Meades

Along The Rio Hondo, Sangre De Cristo Mountains, New Mexico

Along The Rio Hondo, Sangre De Cristo Mountains, New Mexico

Ian Meades Bennington Lake

Bennington Lake, Foothills of the Blue Mountains, outside Walla Walla, Washington State.

Adam Pierzchala

Habitat

Habitat,
Aspen sapling protected from the elements in a rocky crevice.

Paul Hetzel

Aspen Grove, Eastern Sierras California

Aspen Grove, Eastern Sierras, California

Aspen Panorama Eastern Sierras Dxo Redo

Aspen Panorama, Eastern Sierras, California

Dancing Aspens Dxo Redo Luminosity 2025 Version

Dancing Aspens, Eastern Sierras, California

Jan Glover

Standing Tall, Park City, Utah, Usa

Standing Tall,
Park City, Utah, USA

Touched By Snow., Telluride, Colorado Usa

Touched by Snow.
Telluride, Colorado, USA

Track Through The Aspens, Park City, Utah, Usa

Track Through The Aspens,
Park City, Utah, USA

David Muiry

David Muiry Aspen Trunks,aspen,colorado

Aspen Trunks, Late Winter,
Castle Creek, near Aspen,
Colorado, USA

David Muiry Aspens, Oak And Peak, La Sal Mountains, Utah

Aspen, Oak and Snow-capped Peak
La Sal Mountains, Utah, USA

David Muiry Backlit Aspen,ridgway,colorado

Backlit Aspen, Last Dollar Road, San Juan,
Mountains, near Ridgway, Colorado, USA

David Muiry Bird's Nest,ridgway,colorado

Bird’s Nest, Last Dollar Road,
San Juan
Mountains, near Ridgway, Colorado, USA
Title note: Inspired by the architecture of
The National Stadium in Beijing, built for the 2008 Olympics

Charlie Judson

Charlie Judson Aspens In Winter Mono Basin Calif Usa

Aspens in Winter,
Mono Basin, California, USA

Charlie Judson Aspens Jarbidge Mtns Nevada Usa

Jarbidge Mountains, Nevada, USA

Ruby Mountasins, Nevada Usa

Ruby Mountains, Nevada, USA

Charlie Judson Stunted Winter Aspens On Lava Flow Northern Arizona Usa

Stunted Winter Aspens on Lava Flow,
Northern Arizona, USA

Beth Young

Foggy Aspen, Ruby Mountains

Foggy Aspen,
Ruby Mountains

Martha Montiel

Formation

Formation,
Driving home from a trip to Wyoming, I saw these roadside aspens. All perfectly straight and several layers deep. The formation and different sizes created depth. The youngest aspens in front are barely tall enough to make it.

Golden Echoes

Golden Echoes,
Dead aspen leaves floating on water with aspen trunks reflected as ghosts in the background.This image is inspired by Monet's Water Lilies. I loved the little water bubbles, too.

Peeking Through

Peeking Through, This image was captured during a small hike after I had been photographing water reflections. Nothing I loved. On my way back and as the sun was going down, I walked through a section of the trail where the aspens were red and orange. I loved the color of the leaves at this time of day. I love capturing images where I feel like I am peeking through and invading some sort of privacy. Martha Montiel

Reverence

Reverence,
I had never seen a fern turn shades of yellow during fall before. This image caught my attention as it seemed in my mind that the fern was paying reverence to the aspen trunks it was surrounding.

Adriana Benetti Longhini

Adriana Benetti Longhini Aosta Aspens

Aosta Aspens, Aosta, Italy,
These golden aspens were like a golden flame on a somewhat miserable day in northern Italy. I was visiting a waterfall in the area, and on my way down from the hike, I spotted a small group visible from a distance.

Kenneth Muir

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Populus Tremula in late summer at the riverside, Glen Affric.
The leaves typically turn a rich yellow in Autumn, but occasionally they can turn red due to the presence of anthocyanins.

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Populus Tremula in late summer at the riverside, Glen Affric.
The leaves typically turn a rich yellow in Autumn, but occasionally they can turn red due to the presence of anthocyanins

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Aspen in Autumn, Populus tremula at the edge of Loch Beinn a' Mheadhoin in Glen Affric.
Aspen trees are a favourite with beavers, and a licence has recently been granted for their reintroduction to the glen.

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Aspen and Scots Pine,
Populus tremula in late summer at the riverside, Glen Affric.

Tim Parkin

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Below the three sisters in Glencoe is a stand of aspen hidden next to the river coe and below Gearr Aonach.

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The Lost Valley has just a few stand of aspen spread around the sides of the hanging valley.

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The biggest stand of aspen in the lost valley shown in more detail.

Walking in the Shadow of Middle Earth

Since writing my first piece on Tolkien for On Landscape magazine (Tolkien’s Shire in Lord Of The Rings, April 23), I have embarked on many journeys abroad in pursuit of the landscapes that may have inspired the world of Middle-earth. What has become increasingly apparent over the years is the complex web of interpretations and perceptions that surround Tolkien's imagined geographies. As with many aspects of myth and history, there are contrasting beliefs and political nuances that often clash when attempting to anchor Tolkien's world to specific real-world locations.

Yet through it all, one truth remains clear to me: Tolkien's landscapes are a composite of imagination, memory, and genuine inspiration drawn from places he visited. This understanding continues to shape my approach as a photographer and storyteller.

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One such example is my dear friend, who wrote a thoughtful and evocative piece on the Shire. The article, which even received recognition from Mensa, was criticised by some for not being sufficiently "factual." This amused me. As in so many areas of life, if one person’s interpretation differs from another’s, it is all too quickly dismissed.

His fascination with the Welsh language and the poetic resonance of town names like Ebbw Vale and Crickhowell reflects a deep connection to this part of the world. Nestled along the banks of the River Usk, Crickhowell is a sleepy, verdant town that could easily pass as a gateway to the Shire.
Years of research and heartfelt inquiry are brushed aside if they don’t align with dominant narratives. Yet Tolkien himself was no stranger to mixing reality with fantasy, and I believe this spirit should inform our search for his influences.

I remain convinced that Tolkien spent time in South Wales. As I noted in my earlier article, he holidayed in Brecon with a priest who took him and his brother away from Birmingham. His fascination with the Welsh language and the poetic resonance of town names like Ebbw Vale and Crickhowell reflects a deep connection to this part of the world. Nestled along the banks of the River Usk, Crickhowell is a sleepy, verdant town that could easily pass as a gateway to the Shire.

My long-standing goal has been to produce a book chronicling my decade-long journey following Tolkien's footsteps. And yet, even after ten years, I feel no closer to the end. Apart from Switzerland, there is little concrete proof that the places I visit truly inspired Tolkien's writings. But perhaps proof is beside the point. The journey itself, and the search for inspiration in landscapes both wild and tamed, is the heart of the story.

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Seeking Mordor: Arrival in Misurina

When I decided to explore the Alps, I deliberately avoided the often-cited Lauterbrunnen Valley, widely accepted as the inspiration for Rivendell. Instead, I sought out something more elusive. My research led me toward Mordor—not the literal fiery wasteland, but the symbolic source of its desolation. There are strong arguments suggesting that the Battle of the Somme, where Tolkien served during World War I, shaped his vision of Mordor. The blackened skies and smokestacks of England's industrial Black Country may also have left their mark.

End Frame: lo non ho mani che mi Accarezzino il Volto by Mario Giacomelli

Mario Giacomelli is considered one of Italy's greatest photographers, as well as a figure who made the expression of inner feelings his focus.

Giacomelli is unable to define what photography is, nor explain why he practises it, but he feels the need to express himself through this medium in order to externalise his inner world. His images, so powerful, raw and “poetic”, force the observer to look at the world from a new perspective, to the extent that he considers the presence of the viewer essential to keeping his works alive, preserving that collective dream we call “reality”.

The subjects of his photographs are varied, from elderly people to stuffed animals, from landscapes to still lifes, showing how the inner world of human beings can be vaster than the universe in which we live. Giacomelli sees himself as a small man facing the greatness of the world, expressing the meaning of his life through what he loves most and which becomes his art, his only point of reference.

His images appear imperfect and grainy, but at the same time, they are surreal and melancholic. Through strong contrasts, the intentional movement of the camera, a depth of field extended to infinity, and a black and white that leaves no room for half-tones, he transforms his subjects into ghosts, statues and characters that we find in our dreams.

Mons Graupius, Allegoria Exhibition

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An exhibition of historically themed landscape photography at the Trimontium Museum, Melrose, Scotland.
From 11th September 2025 until 11th November 2025.

Through fine art photography, Andy’s first solo exhibition explores upwards of 25 Scottish landscapes historically associated with a legendary battle between Rome’s legions and massed Caledonian warriors – Mons Graupius. For over 1,900 years, the battlefield’s hillside location (as described by the Roman historian Tacitus) has remained a mystery: Andy traces its ancient ghost through the remains of Rome’s vaulting ambition from Stirling nearly to Inverness. To his knowledge, such a body of work is unique.

Not a one-sided tale about “the glory that was Rome” and the achievements of the Roman general Agricola – he also reflects on the impacts upon Caledonian society of Roman imperialism, employing visual metaphors, utilising modern infrastructure allegorically.

Andy employs a decades-old medium format camera system of the 6x6 square format, and black & white film, digitising and processing the results analogous to darkroom methods.

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Recently gaining an MA in Photography from the Arts University Bournemouth clarified my methods and motivation for production. Renewing my love for the analogue process of photography and its relative simplicity, I choose to combine it with the fine control offered by the digital darkroom.

Inspired by the storytelling and stylistic aspects of the landscape photography of such as Fay Godwin, Sally Mann, Don McCullin and Bill Brandt, I made the photographs with a decades-old Bronica SQ camera system of the 6x6cm square format, and Ilford HP5+ black & white film, scanning the negatives myself and processing the results in Lightroom.

Inspired by the storytelling and stylistic aspects of the landscape photography of such as Fay Godwin, Sally Mann, Don McCullin and Bill Brandt, I made the photographs with a decades-old Bronica SQ camera system of the 6x6cm square format, and Ilford HP5+ black & white film, scanning the negatives myself and processing the results in Lightroom.

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The exhibition prints have been produced by Loxley Colour of Cumbernauld as UV prints on panels of FSC plywood, a process I chose for its durability, faithful rendition of detail, and the material connection with the temporary structures put in place by the Romans in this part of Scotland, and those that they destroyed. I felt that it was imperative that my project, focussing as it does on the history of Scotland (and myself having Scots ancestry) should be produced in Scotland. This has, in turn, helped me in obtaining part funding from the Hope Scott Trust, who support the visual arts in Scotland, for which I am most grateful.

The exhibition venue – the Trimontium Museum - tells of “the interaction between the invading Romans and the native Iron Age tribes they encountered”, and the museum Trust has kindly allowed me to mount my exhibition in their multipurpose HALO space.

I plan to tour the exhibition further throughout Scotland at other museums, and already have enough work to fill a book, which is something that I aspire to for the future

Patrick Krohn – Portrait of a Photographer

When the results of the 2025 Natural Landscape Photography Awards were announced, one image stood out for its bold simplicity: a tangle of roots, exposed and contorted after a hurricane, rendered in earthy tones of red, yellow, and brown. It was not a scene from a distant wilderness, nor a mountain bathed in golden light. Instead, it was an intimate fragment of a familiar Southern landscape, transformed by attentive vision into something extraordinary. The photographer was Patrick Krohn, known online as One-eyed Dog Studios. His work won first place in our “In Your Backyard” category, an award designed to celebrate the power of seeing beauty in the places closest to home.

10 Almost Ouroboros (2025 Dt)

Roots exposed after a tree we knocked over from Hurricane Helene.
Winner of 'In Your Backyard' Category 2025, Natural Landscape Awards.

Patrick’s relationship with photography stretches back to his youth. Born in New Jersey, his family moved often, and he spent eighteen formative months living in New Zealand. It was there, in high school, that he picked up a 35mm camera for the first time and fell in love with the medium. He studied art in California before transferring to the University of Missouri – Columbia, where he earned a Bachelor of Journalism with the help of a Kodak scholarship. His first career was in photojournalism, working for newspapers in Utah and Montana before taking the role of photo editor at The Augusta Chronicle in Georgia.

Preservation: A Tribute to the Beauty We Might Lose

Introduction: Holding the Landscape Still

Around the globe, landscapes are changing at unprecedented speed—reshaped by the accelerating forces of climate change, human intervention, and shifting ecological balances. Coastlines retreat, forests fragment, glaciers shrink. The pace of transformation often outruns our capacity to record, much less protect, what is lost. Against this backdrop, British abstract painter Caroline Evans and landscape photographer Ruth Grindrod present Preservation—a collaborative exhibition that is as much a call to observe as it is a celebration of place.

For one week in October, The Quay Gallery at Snape Maltings, situated on the edge of the internationally important and beautiful Suffolk Coast and Heaths National Landscape, a landscape that is subject at present to huge upheaval and destruction, will host works that traverse continents and habitats: from Iceland’s stark, ice-fed river systems to the subtle beauty of Britain’s reedbeds, woodlands, and coastal margins.

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Caroline Evans

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Ruth Grindrod

Caroline Evans: Texture, Memory, and the Art of Attention

Caroline Evans is recognised for a richly textured Abstract Expressionist style grounded in close observational drawing. Her process begins in the field—sketchbook in hand—before translating moments into layered paintings and collages that blend natural pigments, archival references, and delicate materials.

A focal point of Preservation is her Reeds series, born from botanical research at the John Innes Library in Norwich and fieldwork in the reedbeds of Northumberland, Suffolk, and Norfolk. Using tissue papers and Japanese design principles, particularly wabi-sabi, she captures not only the structure of reeds but their impermanence—an echo of how these wetland habitats are themselves vulnerable to changing hydrology and management practices.

Caroline’s Tenacity series shifts attention to the unassuming dandelion, encountered carpeting the Baltic States during spring. Often vilified as a weed, the dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) is a vital early-season nectar source for pollinators. Caroline renders it with luminous colour and layered textures, reframing it as a subject worthy of celebration rather than eradication.

It’s by looking closely at what’s happening to and within our countryside that we begin to understand its value. We preserve it by paying attention. ~Caroline Evans
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Caroline Evans

Caroline Reed 3 Copy

Caroline Evans

Ruth Grindrod: Aerial Geometries and Coastal Truths

Where Caroline abstracts, Ruth observes with precision. Her photographic practice encompasses both aerial and ground-based work, united by a focus on form, light, and ecological change.

In Iceland, Ruth has taken to the skies in a small aircraft to photograph braided glacial rivers—spectacular networks of sediment and meltwater in constant flux. These patterns are both geological and ephemeral; the rapid retreat of Iceland’s glaciers means that some of these landscapes may be unrecognisable or inaccessible within decades.

Back in the UK, Ruth turns her lens to the Woodland series, where a solitary birch in Cumbria becomes a quiet metaphor for the fragmentation of native woodland cover—a global issue mirrored in many countries facing biodiversity decline. In Suffolk’s Herringfleet woods, she captures the subtle interplay of dappled light filtering through canopy and understory, evoking the layered microclimates of mature woodland.

Her coastal work, a long-term passion, is both aesthetic and documentary. Locations such as Waxham on the Norfolk coast —prone to erosion, flooding, and development pressure—are rendered with a keen awareness of their shifting morphology. For international viewers, the challenge is familiar: whether in the mangrove-lined coasts of Southeast Asia, the barrier islands of the US Atlantic, or the tidal flats of Northern Europe, coastal edges are at once dynamic and increasingly imperilled.

Iceland’s glaciers are vanishing. It’s probable that images like these may not be possible to capture in the future. ~Ruth Grindrod
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Ruth Grindrod

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Ruth Grindrod

Shared Vision: Observation as Conservation

Although their mediums diverge, Caroline’s painterly abstraction and Ruth’s photographic exactitude—the two artists share a core philosophy: that sustained observation fosters care, and care can inspire protection. In this, Preservation sits firmly within a lineage of landscape art that spans both geography and centuries. Just as John Constable’s Hay Wain fixed a pastoral moment in the English countryside for cultural memory, Caroline Evans and Ruth Grindrod aim to create visual records that future generations may look to as evidence of what once was.

For an international readership, the underlying principle is universal. Every landscape—be it Icelandic tundra, Suffolk reedbed, North American prairie, or Himalayan Forest—exists in a state of flux. Artists have the capacity not only to interpret that change, but also to bear witness to the precise moment before transformation.

Herringfleet Morning Glow Copy

Ruth Grindrod

Exhibition Details

  • Dates: 9–15 October 2025
  • Opening Hours: 10:00–16:00 (opens 13:00 on the 9th)
  • Location: The Quay Gallery, Snape Maltings, Suffolk, UK
  • Artists in Attendance: Selected days during the exhibition week
  • Acquisition: All works available for purchase, framed and ready to hang
  • Contact: +44 (0)7710 420221

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Michael Kenna’s Darkroom Diaries

Tree Portrait, Study 1, Wokato, Hokkaido, Japan. 2002 Michael Kenna

Tree Portrait, Study 1, Wakoto, Hokkaido, Japan. 2002 © Michael Kenna

In the second of five chapters serialising Michael Kenna’s darkroom diaries, we hear Michael discuss the work that he does to interpret each negative, and we see photographs of Michael at work in his darkroom in Seattle, USA. (Chapter 1: Working With Film For Over 50 Years)

Unless you have grown up making wet chemistry prints or have actually been into a darkroom and witnessed the process, it can be very difficult to understand exactly what goes into the making of a silver gelatin print. During my own private discussions with Michael, I have jokingly likened it to the dark art of a scrum in rugby union, because unless you’ve been on the inside, you don’t really know what goes on!

In this article, I share some behind the scenes photographs of Michael making his silver gelatin prints in his darkroom in Seattle, alongside extracts from his diary to help explain the arduous and patient print process, which can take a whole day to make a single print.

As you will read, there are many different stages to the process of making a print after the film has initially been developed to produce a negative. First, the negative is put into an enlarger for Michael to interpret. From this point he will have a lot of creative control and can make fine adjustments. For example, he will dodge and burn (lighten or darken) specific areas of the photograph. The latent image contained in the photographic paper is then developed in a multi-stage wet chemistry process – a series of chemical baths. This is where the magic really happens! In the first tray the image is immersed for two to three minutes and ‘developed’ onto the paper. Next, it is transferred into a ‘stop bath’ solution, which literally does that – it stops the print developing. In the third tray it is ‘fixed’. The print is then placed in a print washer to eliminate any chemical residue before the next process of toning takes place.

After toning, the print will be washed again before it is air-dried flat on a screen. Much later, after it is completely dry, the print will be heat pressed, retouched, dry-mounted, matted, titled, signed and numbered. It is a lengthy process and surprising to learn just how long it can take. Michael will often make many prints before he produces a result he is happy with. He has said that the sign of a good printer is a wastepaper basket full of discarded prints. In the example below, you will see how Michael made 12 working prints of ‘School Yard, Heptonstall, Yorkshire, England 1983’ before he produced a print he was happy to exhibit, a process which took a whole day’s work in the darkroom.

I think what is fascinating about the darkroom printing process is the amount of creative control that Michael has to perform in a series of intricate edits to the photographs. Some negatives are particularly difficult to print, and might take Michael several attempts to get it ‘just right’.

I think what is fascinating about the darkroom printing process is the amount of creative control that Michael has to perform in a series of intricate edits to the photographs. Some negatives are particularly difficult to print, and might take Michael several attempts to get it ‘just right’. For example, ‘Tree Portrait, Study 1, Wakoto, Hokkaido, Japan 2002’, which has both a strong overall contrast and a gradient in the sky. As he states, the very lengthy and unpredictable nature of this traditional process is perhaps what makes it so rewarding when the final print is achieved.

Below are a series of photographs showing Michael working in his darkroom to produce a print titled ‘School Yard, Heptonstall, Yorkshire, England 1983’ for an exhibition of Northern England prints that we hosted in 2022. Once the prints are dried, they are then flattened in a heat press in preparation to be retouched. And it is interesting to note that even after so much work has been completed to get to this stage, Michael is still only a little over halfway through his printing process. In the articles and extracts from Michael’s print diaries that follow, we will explain how the prints are retouched by hand before being mounted, signed and prepared for framing.

The captions and quotes by Michael below each photograph explain each part of the process. They were sent to me by Michael whilst working in his darkroom, and listening to the BBC’s Test Match Special.

Luke Whitaker


“Having chosen a negative to print, I use an enlarger to expose that negative image onto pre-coated photographic paper. The negative must first be placed into a negative carrier and dusted before being inserted into the enlarger. The image is then focused onto the easel with the grain focuser. We are almost ready to start printing. Normally, the first exposure would be a test strip - a series of increasingly longer exposures on one sheet of paper, which gives us important information regarding the appropriate exposure time. At one extreme, we are able to see the exposure it takes for the shadows to go black, and at the other extreme, we can see when the highlights lose detail and become white. A good test strip will be both too dark and too light at either extreme. Having printed for so many years, I must admit that I tend to dispense with this stage, and I usually estimate a starting exposure.

During an exposure, light is emitted for a certain period of time. It travels through the negative and aperture of the lens onto a sheet of photographic paper. Accessories required on the dry side of the darkroom include dodging and burning tools. Dodging is when we hold back light in certain areas of the prints during the basic exposure.
I wouldn’t recommend this practice to beginners. The first full print, without any burning or dodging should be made on softer than desired contrast. This will become our reference print from which major decisions will be made. Softer contrast is easier to see than harsher contrast. I suppose it’s a bit like going from bland to spicy food, or quiet to louder music.

During an exposure, light is emitted for a certain period of time. It travels through the negative and aperture of the lens onto a sheet of photographic paper. Accessories required on the dry side of the darkroom include dodging and burning tools. Dodging is when we hold back light in certain areas of the prints during the basic exposure. This is usually done with various shapes of card attached to the ends of wires. Burning is when we give additional light to certain areas of the print after the basic exposure. This can be done by making shapes with our hands, or with boards (black on the side facing the paper emulsion, white on the top), some with various size holes cut out.

The Dry Side Of Michael Kenna’s Darkroom Mamta Kenna 2021

The Dry Side of Michael Kenna’s Darkroom © Mamta Kenna 2021

Each print has extensive interpretive burning and dodging, which is not exactly reproducible from print to print. I cannot press a button to print an edition, and consequently there will always be slight variations. Every print is unique. I fell in love with this traditional darkroom silver gelatin process even before my photography career began. My first prints were made in a makeshift darkroom in my boarding school bathroom when I was only eleven years old.

Pre-coated photographic paper comes in different sizes, surface textures, tonal ranges and silver content. I use Ilford Multigrade fibre-based paper and have done since the paper was first introduced in the 1980s. It is a cold tone paper which I warm up slightly with sepia toner. This photograph below shows a series of chemical baths through which the print will move. The time spent in each chemical is carefully calibrated to achieve desired creative effects. I stock various necessary chemicals: Ilford Multigrade print developer, Acetic acid stop bath, Kodafix hardening fixer, Permawash and Kodak sepia toner are included in the basics. I keep the darkroom well-ventilated so that any fumes from chemicals are directed outside.

The traditional advice when judging the exposure required for a print is to expose for the highlights and develop for the shadows. This is the opposite of when developing negatives, where we expose for the shadows and develop for the highlights.

The traditional advice when judging the exposure required for a print is to expose for the highlights and develop for the shadows. This is the opposite of when developing negatives, where we expose for the shadows and develop for the highlights. Once the print is put into the developer, I like to watch the image emerge like a hawk, as it is in this first tray where alchemy and magic take place.
Once the print is put into the developer, I like to watch the image emerge like a hawk, as it is in this first tray where alchemy and magic take place. Wearing gloves to protect my hands, or using wooden ‘pincers’ I ensure the paper is fully submerged in the developer chemicals.

The Wet Side Of Michael Kenna’s Darkroom Mamta Kenna 2021

The Wet Side Of Michael Kenna’s Darkroom © Mamta Kenna 2021

Generally, when I print, I try to see the image as an abstract arrangement of lines, surfaces, shapes and tonalities. My aim is to balance and order these elements, thereby focusing attention on and directing viewers to areas that I consider significant. Perhaps it is useful to have a basic understanding of composition, and how light and dark work together in transforming a 2-dimensional print to create the illusion of 3D. Working from an assumption that our eyes are attracted to light - we can use this to our advantage. Our eyes will move through a progression of dark to light, and so we can begin to use light as a sculptural tool. When we darken an area in the print, we pull it forwards in space. When we lighten an area we push it back into the emulsion. This is similar to aerial perspective in Impressionist painting. Warm colours advance, cold colours retreat.

When printing I try to forget the subject matter of the print and instead concentrate on the abstract arrangement of the rectangle. In order to do that, there are some simple methods to help. Often I squint my eyes to take them out of focus. The image becomes more abstract and I can better understand the flow and direction of tonalities. Where does the eye go to, and where does it stop? Often I turn the print upside down, both in the developer bath and later after it is fixed when observing and analysing it. We are used to reading from left to right, top to bottom and it is good to challenge what is taken for granted. I also look at the print both from close up and then at a distance, across the darkroom. Sometimes I purposely go out of the darkroom and creep up on the print to catch it unawares.

My purpose is to see it as if for the first time. I often view the print back to front when wet, by placing a strong light behind it. When dry I sometimes observe it in a mirror. All of these ‘tricks’ or techniques help me to become more objective and analytical. I look at the edges of the prints - if there are distractions on an edge the eye can be drawn away from the centre. Distracting elements can be cropped or balanced and neutralised by an equally distracting element on another edge. They can be lightened or darkened (dodged or burned in). Dark edges move the eye to the centre of the print so corners are often subtly or more obviously darkened.

Michael Kenna Working On A 15x15” Print Of Two Leaning Trees, Study 3, Kussharo Lake, Hokkaido, Japan. 2020 Mamta Kenna 2021

Michael Kenna Working on A 15x15” Print of Two Leaning Trees, Study 3, Kussharo Lake, Hokkaido, Japan. 2020 © Mamta Kenna 2021

I search for the equilibrium of a print - as in mechanical physics. There is always a centre of gravity in a balanced print - preferably in the areas that I consider to be the most important or significant. Whenever one area is changed, it affects the whole composition and the centre of gravity shifts. The possible interpretations are endless, and it is always an exciting adventure to find personal pathways.

I have printed this image School Yard, Heptonstall, Yorkshire, England, 1983 perhaps three or four times. It takes me several hours and involves many reject prints to reach an acceptable interpretation as there is so much burning and dodging involved. Even when the print is dry – it will take several more hours of retouching by hand to complete. It is survival of the fittest with this negative. Many prints are discarded along the way.

Below are the prints in progress of School Yard, Heptonstall, Yorkshire, England, 1983:

5 Rejected Prints Of School Yard Heptonstall Yorkshire England. 1983 Michael Kenna

5 Rejected Prints of School Yard, Heptonstall, Yorkshire, England. 1983 © Michael Kenna

‘getting There’ 12 Working Prints Of School Yard Heptonstall Yorkshire England. 1983 Michael Kenna

‘Getting There’ 12 Working Prints of School Yard, Heptonstall, Yorkshire, England. 1983 © Michael Kenna

‘survival Of The Fittest’ Rejected Prints Of School Yard Heptonstall Yorkshire England. 1983 Michael Kenna

‘Survival of The Fittest’ Rejected Prints of School Yard, Heptonstall, Yorkshire, England. 1983 © Michael Kenna

I have heard it said and seen it written that a fine print should have a full, balanced tonal range from white to black. Of course, it could have this range, but this is only part of the story as we can see by looking at the work of different master photographers. Ultimately, it is the photographer’s personal palette that dictates the characteristics of any individual print. There is no fixed quality standard of a print - just personal preference. A mature artist’s printing style is as individual as a signature. When we view prints made by such masters as, for example, Bill Brandt, Josef Sudek, Mario Giacomelli, Edward Weston, and Ansel Adams, to mention just a few, we can immediately identity the photographer just from their personal printing styles. Give twenty photographers the same negative to print, I would anticipate and hope for twenty different interpretations.

Below are four examples of uninterpreted prints and interpreted prints after burning and dodging:

Working Prints Of Seafront, Hastings, Sussex, England. 1982 Michael Kenna

Working Prints of Seafront, Hastings, Sussex, England. 1982 © Michael Kenna

Working Prints Of River Thames, Homage To Brassai, London, England. 1983 Michael Kenna

Working Prints of River Thames, Homage to Brassai, London, England. 1983 © Michael Kenna

Working Prints Of Bruton Dovecote, Somerset, England. 1990 Michael Kenna

Working Prints of Bruton Dovecote, Somerset, England. 1990 © Michael Kenna

Working Prints Of Storm Warning, Bardsey Island, Wales. 1996 Michael Kenna

Working Prints of Storm Warning, Bardsey Island, Wales. 1996 © Michael Kenna


Retired Negatives by Michael Kenna

Retired Negatives by Michael Kenna is an online exhibition of his most collected work over the past 50 years, featuring the remaining Artist Proof editions of photographs whose numbered limited editions have now sold out.

The collection is a chance to acquire a print from editions in which the negative has been formally retired within Michael’s archive. All of his silver gelatin prints are still made by him personally in his darkroom at his home in Seattle. The online exhibition is hosted by Bosham Gallery and can be seen at boshamgallery.com until 17th December 2025.

‘Machine-made pigment prints are of excellent quality, but, at least for me, silver prints remain the gold standard in photography,’ says Michael. ‘It is also comforting to know that these prints are made to archival standards, which means they should well outlast myself and collectors. I keep records of every print I have signed and editioned and have prints in my own collection which I made 50 years ago. They are as good today as when I first made them.’

To accompany Retired Negatives, and to celebrate 50 years of darkroom printing, Bosham Gallery’s Luke Whitaker is presenting a five-part series of chapters from Michael Kenna’s Darkroom Diaries.

Please visit boshamgallery.com to see the online exhibition.

Author image: Michael Kenna Photographed in 2011 by Song Xiangyang © All Rights Reserved

Larry Monczka and Kathleen Pickard

When we first spoke to Kathleen Pickard and Larry Monczka, their quietly contemplative photography quickly found new fans. I can’t help but wonder if they have been interested observers as intimate, abstract landscapes have grown in popularity. We wanted to find out what they have been up to in the intervening period, and as it happens, the timing of our request for a Revisited interview coincided with their own review of practice and images.

Georgian Bay #3 Doodles Kp (2)

Kathleen Pickard

Ice Fishing Huts In Landscape Larry Monczka

Larry Monczka

I pinched myself to find that it has been 10 years since we interviewed you both. Bring us up to speed - what have you been up to?

The timing of your invitation could not have been more fortuitous. In 2014, we had a hand in initiating a regional photographic discussion group, "Four Corners", in which we've participated since that time. The group, presently comprised of nine photographers, meets monthly (since Covid via Zoom) to discuss, i.e. dissect, five images from each of us. The free-wheeling critique, conversations, and laughter have kept us grounded and at the same time provided a constant source of inspiration.

In 2024, the group decided that a decade of viewing and commenting upon each others' work deserved to be celebrated in the form of a book. We were individually tasked with selecting a single image from each of those ten years that we felt best represented our approach at that particular moment in time. The choices weren't to be a string of 'greatest hits', but rather, images that held some significance in our personal photographic history.

That assignment required us to take the time to survey and consider a decade's worth of images. Though this consumed hours of time, it was an exercise well worth doing. It was essentially a visual diary, making each of us aware of how much our lives have been consumed and enriched by our mutual avocation. As it happens, it couldn't have been a more serendipitous preparation for writing this piece.

Larry's and my photographic life over the last ten years, which essentially has gone hand in hand with our personal life, can be characterised as being in two chapters: pre-Covid, with travel to cultural and photographic locations world-wide, and post-Covid, with health challenges keeping us close to home.

Georgian Bay Storm Day Kp

Kathleen Pickard

Bug Farm #4 Larry Monczka

Larry Monczka

You spoke passionately about the "bountiful range of subject matter" in Norfolk County, and mentioned that "the quiet lay of the land encourages us to look closer and photograph on a smaller, more intimate scale." What new treasures have you found as you continue to dig into the smallness of home and the local?

We continue to be most inspired visually by two locations close to our hearts.

Regular visits to favourite photographic locations in Norfolk County have made us more sensitive than most to changes in the landscape that are both seasonal and longer-term. For example, managed prairie restorations full of native wildflowers become overgrown over time, only to regenerate via controlled burns.
One is the eastern shore of the Bruce Peninsula, five hours north of our home. For the past 15 years, in spring and autumn, we have been fortunate to rent a cottage that is sandwiched between the limestone cliffs of the Niagara Escarpment and the cold, crystal clear waters of Georgian Bay.The big sky, panoramic horizon, and the play of light on water have captured and held our attention over the years. Images from that location have been published in both LensWork and Natural Landscape Photography Awards (NLPA) annuals and other publications.

The geography of home continues to be rural Norfolk County in the deep south of Ontario, Canada. Though it can't claim dramatic landscapes, it is rich in woodland, wetland and sand dunes. Its crown jewel is Long Point, a sand spit extending 40 kilometres into Lake Erie. Long Point is designated as a Globally Significant Important Bird Area (IBA) due to its critical role in supporting bird populations during migration, breeding, and wintering periods. It is also recognized as a Ramsar site, a World Biosphere site, and an International Monarch Butterfly Reserve, highlighting its broader ecological significance.

Regular visits to favourite photographic locations in Norfolk County have made us more sensitive than most to changes in the landscape that are both seasonal and longer-term. For example, managed prairie restorations full of native wildflowers become overgrown over time, only to regenerate via controlled burns. Wetland sites may be battered by storms to the point of losing their immediate visual appeal. Photographically speaking, this may be best exemplified by a small stretch of beach at Long Point, perhaps 150 metres in length. Over the years, the lake levels cycle through highs and lows. At times, the water is lapping at the margins of the access road, obliterating the beach. In other years, we can walk the length of a now wide beach blanketed in colourful oxide-rich sand. It is no surprise then that the beach is classified as dynamic.

Long Point Beach Sand Kp

Kathleen Pickard

Ice Volcano Long Point In Winter Larry Monczka

Larry Monczka

In 2015, you noted that photography wasn't really considered an art form locally. How do you feel that the perception and acceptance of the medium have evolved over the past decade?

Over the last ten years, we have participated in numerous joint and solo exhibitions in community museums and galleries. On two occasions, we have collaborated on projects with well-regarded artists, signalling, we think, more acceptance of photography within the local art community.

Have your tastes in photography changed at all, or what you find inspiration in? Your interview highlighted your shared admiration for a number of artists, from Eliot Porter to Henri Matisse. Beyond those that you mentioned, have any new individuals, media, or technologies significantly influenced your work in the last decade, individually or as a couple? You both look to have been experimenting with other media.

In the realm of landscape photography, we very much admire the work of Andrew Mielzynski,

We have also ventured into new creative outlets--cyanotypes, monoprints, collage, painting and mixed media, greatly assisted by online learning opportunities.
who was awarded both the NLPA Photographer of the Year 2024 and the International Landscape Photographer of the Year (ILPY) 2024. We're fortunate to see (and yes, critique) much of Andy's work since he's been a valued member of our photography group "Four Corners" since its inception.

Jason Pettit, a fellow Ontarian, is a photographer whose work is very much in harmony with ours.

A great influence upon us both can also be found in our own photo discussion group. Barbara Bender can't be classified as a traditional landscape photographer, though she is, in fact, a very accomplished one. We consider her an artist who uses her photographs as a jumping-off point to further visual creativity (think Bailey/Chinnery). Of late, she's been using her archive of straight photography as raw material to construct deceptively naive "virtual landscapes" that suggest mysterious alternative worlds.

We have also ventured into new creative outlets--cyanotypes, monoprints, collage, painting and mixed media, greatly assisted by online learning opportunities. We've been gratified to find that the many years of experience we've accumulated in visual design, composition and colour as applied to our photography, transfers well to other mediums. Interestingly, our preferred subject matter hasn't substantially strayed from our photographic areas of interest.

Newfoundland Knight's Cove Kp

Kathleen Pickard

Light On Georgian Bay Larry Monczka

Larry Monczka

Have there been any significant changes in kit for you, or in your workflow in making and processing images?

We remain very happy with our micro 4/3 systems, now OM-1s with a full complement of Olympus pro lenses. We do not trespass into each other's camera bags and, in fact, are unable to interchange camera bodies due to our stubborn individual set-up menu preferences.

We remain very happy with our micro 4/3 systems, now OM-1s with a full complement of Olympus pro lenses. We do not trespass into each other's camera bags and, in fact, are unable to interchange camera bodies due to our stubborn individual set-up menu preferences.
The file size produced suits our needs, and since the advent of sophisticated denoise software, we don't hesitate to bump the ISO up to levels we would have never considered workable previously.

Our tripod use has diminished to a minimum due to the excellent internal stabilization of the OM system. Larry's most recent addition to his photo gear is a kayak that is equipped (by Kathleen) with a waterproof point-and-shoot, an OM Tough. He has found the change of viewpoint, being able to shoot from water rather than land, has expanded his photographic possibilities.

An unintended consequence of the pandemic and various ongoing health issues that have confined us, singly and together, to home for weeks and sometimes months in the last few years has been the collaborative production of numerous self-published photo books. Virtually every one of the projects and exhibitions mentioned above has had a collection of images harvested from dusty hard drives that are subsequently edited, sequenced, and designed into a publication; a process we both find extraordinarily satisfying.

Norfolk County #3 Sand Roiad Spring Kp

Kathleen Pickard

Reflections On Vernal Pond Autumn Larry Monczka

Larry Monczka

Have your respective styles or routines evolved more closely together or diverged?

The question of our styles is an interesting one. As each of us was becoming serious about photography, and well before we had met one another, we had taken a series of week-long workshops with the eminent Canadian educator and author Freeman Patterson.  His emphasis on visual design and personal expression influenced us then and has continued to guide our approach.

When we compiled our 10 year collections of images as part of our “Four Corners” critique group, we were fascinated to observe that our style of seeing matured early on and has stayed similar over the years; not surprising considering our shared photographic DNA. Good field craft back in the analogue days put our technique on solid ground and made the transition to digital easier.

Our subject matter has evolved somewhat.

Our primary inspiration continues to be the natural world and intimate landscapes. Larry has become more interested in bird photography over the years, and his project-based photography has expanded to include man-made and cultural subjects, such as tobacco kilns and wrecking yard imagery.
Our primary inspiration continues to be the natural world and intimate landscapes. Larry has become more interested in bird photography over the years, and his project-based photography has expanded to include man-made and cultural subjects, such as tobacco kilns and wrecking yard imagery.

Kathleen, you wrote a piece for On Landscape in 2021 titled ‘Photographing the Un-Grand Landscape’. Re-reading this, I was interested in you saying “In an intimate landscape, more ambiguity exists. …the viewer is led through and around the picture space by means of visual design.”

I usually extend an invitation to offer some words of advice to readers relevant to the interviewee’s specialism or particular experience. I wondered if you might like to talk about how you use visual design in your photographs.

I describe myself as an expressive photographer. In other words, at the heart of my photography is a desire to communicate something about my subject that goes beyond seeing and into feeling, whether for myself or for others.

The first step in the process is to “see” whatever it is that stops me in my tracks. If what I notice motivates me to make a photograph, I then have a multitude of decisions to make: angle of view, depth of field, shutter speed, to name just a few.

When in the field, most of those decisions are made intuitively. Later, when processing the image at the computer, those intuitive decisions are then refined by applying the principles of visual design. Often that can mean paring away information that is extraneous to what I want to say. At its heart, photography is a subtractive process.

A major part of my photography is understanding how to assess visual weight and then managing the visual elements to create what Valda Bailey calls “aesthetic balance”; that is to say, composing the image.

Norfolk County Spicebush Kp

Kathleen Pickard

In this example, for instance, I used a somewhat more panoramic format than I originally made in camera. That was done to eliminate a distracting strip of brighter sky at the top of the frame that drew excessive attention to itself, and to emphasize the density of the spring vegetation.

An excellent introduction to understanding the principles of visual design is “Picture This: How Pictures Work” by Molly Bangs.  It may look like a children’s book, but that’s deceiving; it’s packed with information.

The best book I can recommend specifically for photographers is Freeman Patterson’s “Photography & the Art of Seeing”.  Not only does the book examine the elements of design in detail, but it also proposes exercises to help you in your ability to apply them.

The best book I can recommend specifically for photographers is Freeman Patterson’s “Photography & the Art of Seeing”.  Not only does the book examine the elements of design in detail, but it also proposes exercises to help you in your ability to apply them. Like learning to drive a car, by practising them often enough, they become intuitive.

And Larry… you seem to have been especially busy curating books and exhibitions of your work. In the light of your experience, is there any advice that you would give to readers who would like to exhibit, or make a book of, their own photography?

I find great satisfaction in cobbling together photo books. Since I tend to photograph in projects over months and years, coming up with a concept for each book is relatively easy. I have used Blurb.com “Bookwright” software for over a decade and find that it is user-friendly (online video tutorials are available) with good quality reproduction for the price.

Being a print-on-demand service is convenient for me–I keep a few copies on hand for sales in local retail venues and gifts, then order more as needed. Discounts offered by Blurb periodically throughout the year keep my average costs down, but in truth, self-publishing using on-demand services is expensive. Even so, harvesting images from hard drives and holding the resulting book in hand is extremely gratifying.

Sand Fence On Long Point Beach Larry Monczka

Larry Monczka

I make both hard and soft cover photo books (50 pages plus) and zines (20 or so pages), depending on the size of my projects. Once I decide on a theme, I gather together a long list of image files from my many external hard drives, then drill that group down into a more focused short list. I print out each image from the short list on 5"x 7" cards. This allows me to evaluate which images need tweaking or wholesale re-processing.

Laying out the cards for sequencing is great fun. Many days and weeks go into this phase as story flow, page pairing, colour harmony, and intuition come into play. The cards are shuffled and shifted, and images come and go with invaluable editorial input from Kathy until we are both happy with the result.

The images are then sized for the software, dragged and dropped into the chosen template; then the text and font decisions are made, and the front and back cover designed. When the proof copy arrives, the inevitable spelling mistakes are corrected, as are the odd exposure adjustments. Then it's voilà! and on to the next book project.

With each new book project, design and sequencing decisions evolve, as does confidence and the freedom to take creative risks. I’ve discovered that my books, presented to galleries and local museums, often lead to exhibitions and sponsorships. Curators can see immediately the concept and quality of the work and decide if it suits their needs. Free previews of the finished books on the Blurb website can lead to sales and print orders.

With each new book project, design and sequencing decisions evolve, as does confidence and the freedom to take creative risks. I’ve discovered that my books, presented to galleries and local museums, often lead to exhibitions and sponsorships.

Norfolk County #4 Serviceberry Kp

Kathleen Pickard

Wetland Dawn In Autumn Larry Monczka

Larry Monczka

To end, have either of you acquired any new hobbies or passions? Do you have any plans or ambitions for the future that you can share with us?

Over the years, we have learned to have both patience and confidence that new subjects will develop and be discovered, even as old ones go missing. The key thing we have found is to be flexible and open to surprises. Fixed expectations in the field inevitably lead to missed or overlooked opportunities.

While it is our continuing pleasure to delve into the natural landscape surrounding us, Larry has also taken on personal projects documenting tobacco kilns (remnants of this area's tobacco farming culture), the graphic appeal of sand fences that are annually erected on Long Point beach to thwart dangerous winter gale destruction,

Over the years, we have learned to have both patience and confidence that new subjects will develop and be discovered, even as old ones go missing.
and the visual nirvana found in a local car wrecking yard. Birds, a particularly rich and varied part of our local ecology, have also become a favourite subject.

Kathy has become especially appreciative of subject matter that fluctuates, even as occasional compromised mobility keeps her stationary. Water, combined with sand, stones and light, is infinitely variable. They are the basis of her LensWork portfolio "Seeing Through" and have been published widely.

Together, we both have ongoing photographic projects. They include documenting the evolution of a re-wilded prairie on former depleted tobacco land, exploring the "Seldom Seen" natural landscape of Long Point in winter and, when our fluctuating climate allows, photographing the colourful colony of ice fishing huts that populate the shallow inner bay of Long Point.

Thank you, Larry and Kathleen. As always, we look forward to seeing more of your work.

Larry and Kathleen’s photos can be found on their website.

Matt Payne’s short ‘Portrait of a Photographer’ article, featuring Jason Petit, can be found here.

Larry Monczka

Kathleen Pickard

 

All the Wood’s a Stage

On September 20th, All the Wood’s a stage opens at Nunnington Hall, North Yorkshire. A collaboration between photographers Simon Baxter and Joe Cornish, this follows on from their 2022 exhibition, Woodland Sanctuary.

The words below are adapted from the introductory writings for the exhibition.

All the world's a stage ~ As you like it, Act II, Scene VII. William Shakespeare

If all the world’s a stage, then the wood is a stage for trees, critical actors in nature whose time on our planet far exceeds our own. Trees can be dated back at least three hundred and sixty million years (depending on the exact definition of trees). And individual trees can exceed four thousand years old in the case of (Californian) bristlecone pines. Even in the UK, yew trees and some oak and sweet chestnut can approach or surpass two thousand years in age.

…And all the men and women merely players.

Yet what if we extended this stage beyond human beings to include all the dramatis personae of the living world? What if we saw ourselves as intrinsic to and part of the habitats of nature, and not separate from all that surrounds us? What if we recognised that the health of nature and the health of society were intimately linked? Trees and woodland are, for many, a great place to develop such an understanding.

Anthropologists tell us that, like our primate cousins, our (very) distant ancestors were tree dwellers. Human relationship with trees is the work of many volumes, and might not seem relevant to this project. Nevertheless, acknowledging our deep time history with trees helps to put our creative responses into a context.

 Walking Wounded

Joe Cornish

Ol 3

Simon Baxter

As landscape photographers, we aim to present a faithful record of what we saw. These pictures can be considered a form of reliable evidence of a particular viewpoint at a moment in time. But the photographs are still made for artistic reasons. These are often, although not always, guided by a search for beauty. For that reason, the light, weather and seasonal conditions always play a part.

Trees may be the principal actors, but really it is the interactions, the relationships and the life of the wood that is the primary consideration. Single trees are inherently vulnerable, and on the whole, trees thrive together as part of a community. Perhaps not of equals but certainly as neighbours and family. Current scientific research has shown how trees share nutrients and information through the invisible mycorrhizal networks below ground as well as through the air, helping them flourish and defend themselves against infection and disease. In this way, they ‘do better together’.

All of the images in the exhibition were made in the UK, in the south and north, east and west. British woodlands are home to a huge variety of tree types, which, while competitive and in spite of their differences, thrive and grow in close proximity. The dominant species differ depending on the region, and how much management may have happened in the historic past.

Trees may be the principal actors, but really it is the interactions, the relationships and the life of the wood that is the primary consideration. Single trees are inherently vulnerable, and on the whole, trees thrive together as part of a community.
Nevertheless, keen tree spotters will discover oak, beech, ash, birch, alder, willow, rowan, hazel, holly, sweet chestnut, lime, maple, larch, Scots pine, sitka spruce, sycamore and so on and on in these images. Not all are native species, but our task is not to judge, but to record what we see, and it inspires us to photograph.

While this variety may seem chaotic, nature still determines the ordering of elements in each specific situation and to an extent, the photographer’s task is to find the order in that complexity.

To quote Shakespeare again, “The purpose of Art is to give Life a shape.” Exactly!

Geography. Locations include Cornwall, Dorset, Kent, Shropshire, North Wales, the English Lake District, Scotland and our home county of North Yorkshire.

Titles. Exploration and discovery are vital aspects of creativity, and that’s why we opted for non-geographical titles. It would be a shame to discourage others from the joys of discovery by providing location details. In any case, woodland is so inherently dynamic and dependent on the ambient conditions that it is futile to seek out the viewpoint of another.

Our titles are personal. They vary from the frankly descriptive to the lyrical, or even whimsical and lighthearted. Often, they reference popular culture or a memory from childhood. They may indicate the photographer’s thoughts at the time, or, on reflection, are an imaginative response to a picture, and a clue to the photographer’s inner world. The titles recognise that trees have character and their presence defines a place; we have observed these places and found inspiration in them. But the interpretation of every picture is entirely a matter for the viewer, and the titles need not be taken literally or seriously.

Using the ‘conceit’ of the theatre, implied in All the Wood’s a stage, we divided the exhibition into four Acts, each of which corresponds to the four spaces in Nunnington Hall’s exhibition gallery. Although individual pictures are usually made in isolation and to their own agenda, showing work in groups and sequences gives an opportunity to curate with emphasis and with stories in mind. This proved to be a very enjoyable and worthwhile part of the process.

Act 1. Emergence

 Springtime Songlines

Joe Cornish

Ol 5

Simon Baxter

As rivers sometimes rise in woods, and woods frequently rise out of river valleys, so trees emerge into the light. In spring, this also brings bluebells, wild garlic and a varied under-storey that flourishes through the summer months, along with a burgeoning green to the leaf canopy. In autumn, their distinctive character often becomes more apparent as their leaves turn colour and fall, leaving the stark yet beautiful skeletal branches of winter. Britain’s woods and forests are usually a mix of different tree species, a tolerant (although sometimes competitive), convivial, cosmopolitan congregation of characters.

Act 2. Interference

 Clearcut With Birch And Pylons

Joe Cornish

Humans have used wood for countless centuries and innumerable tasks and functions: boats, weapons, housing, tools, fuel, food, furniture, sculpture, musical instruments, paper…to name just a few. As a result we have planted, exploited, managed and felled forests almost from the beginning of recorded history.

In the UK these landscape scale manipulations are evident everywhere trees can grow, and at times the brutal effects of harvesting and clear-cut can be devastating.
In the UK these landscape scale manipulations are evident everywhere trees can grow, and at times the brutal effects of harvesting and clear-cut can be devastating. The climate trend of warming globally also makes trees more vulnerable to uncontrollable wildfires, many of which are the result of human carelessness during times of heat and drought.

To pay attention to this apparently exploitative relationship can provoke sorrow, but also joy, for the ability of trees to return and repopulate once-degraded land is endlessly inspiring. And besides, to grow and use trees is also to ensure that wood is with us constantly. Such utility also helps balance the global carbon cycle. Planted trees and managed woodland can also be beautiful, especially when transformed by the snows of winter.

Act 3. Transience

 Decomposing Demons

Joe Cornish

Ol 1

Simon Baxter

In this act, we focus on the transitions all trees and woods undergo, including the transition from woodland fringe to mountain slope. Of all the seasonal transitions, autumn provides artists and photographers with the most spectacular expression of woodland colour. Seeing trees survive the harshness of a winter storm is a reminder of their extraordinary resilience.

But they do not live forever, and when they die, trees offer themselves back to nature through the final act of decomposition. Notably, the National Trust and other conservation organisations recognise and support this process in woodland management by avoiding the excessive tidiness of the past, and instead encouraging deadwood to rot slowly in situ. In this way, billions of tiny creatures, insects, mosses, fungi, and microbial lifeforms are encouraged, and the mycorrhizal networks of the soil are enriched. Dead and dying trees, and their fallen branches, can also present fantastically evocative shapes and textures, and in the right lighting conditions can appear as living works of art or sculpture in the landscape.

Act 4. Performance

 How Soft Is The Summer Sunrise

Joe Cornish

Ol 4

Simon Baxter

Compared with some of the flamboyant spectacles of the animal kingdom familiar to us from our TV screens, trees and woodland may appear somewhat…sedate. Their action plays out over the seasonal stage, in years, decades and even centuries. For landscape photographers, their slow-motion choreography is the ultimate gift, granting us time to seek out shape and infer meaning and wonder from their gestures, their dress code, and their inter-relationships. In this act we look at trees as the leisurely performing artists of nature. Even so, wind can move trees powerfully through the course of a single photographic exposure, and so convey a remarkable sense of energy.

Epilogue

 Digitalis Emergens

Joe Cornish

Ol 2

Simon Baxter

Although photography is so strongly identified as the convenient instrument of record, especially now that the majority of humans always have a camera (phone) with them, the committed photographer sees their work as an artistic calling. For the landscape photographer drawn to nature as their abiding passion, it is the wild world, untamed and unmanaged by human influence, that inspires.

If wilderness is a ‘gold standard’, that is to say a landscape scale habitat free of all human influence, we have to concede that wilderness is retreating globally, and arguably totally absent in the UK. Yet in spite of our living on “an overcrowded island”, large stretches of wild land survive, including coastal cliffs, beaches, moors, mountain ridges and summits.

For the landscape photographer drawn to nature as their abiding passion, it is the wild world, untamed and unmanaged by human influence, that inspires.
But arguably the most important wild places in the UK are woodlands, which by their very nature, survive and thrive in those places that, for reasons of steepness, or wetness, were not transformed into agricultural production or human habitation and infrastructure in the past. Additionally, there are zones of natural regeneration, abandoned quarries, mining sites, or unproductive agricultural land now left for nature recovery. Many such abandoned sites become woodlands through ‘natural succession’.

For someone searching to translate and share the wonders of nature, wildwood is a keystone habitat for the committed photographer.

Interpreting the evidence of the world around us means that photographers are always involved in the politics of the present. The most celebrated landscape photographers of our time, the ones whose work appears in the big galleries in the capital cities of the world, are the disaster artists, including, for example, Edward Burtynsky, whose work Abstraction/Extraction is a seminal declaration of concern for human exploitation of nature. The work is powerful, compelling, and needed to draw attention to what is happening in our name. But in isolation, there is a danger that such negative messages lead to despair, and we turn away.

 Ruins And Regeneration

Joe Cornish

Ol 6

Simon Baxter

If, on the other hand, we concentrate totally on the bucolic and beautiful, this might appear complacent and escapist. In the second Act of All the Wood’s a stage, Interference, we encounter the industrialisation of woodland and its aftermath. It’s important not to shy away from that. But above all we want to articulate a message of hope for the future. Woodland moderates extremes of temperature, mitigates the effects of heavy rainfall, sequesters carbon, is a haven for wildlife, and has an unrivalled capacity to encourage a sense of well being and connection. Woodland deserves to be conserved, cherished and expanded.

A way to help is to translate its inherent beauty and wonder. If the fate of the living world is THE issue of our time, then surely photography that conveys hope and inspiration is also a political act?

A way to help is to translate its inherent beauty and wonder. If the fate of the living world is THE issue of our time, then surely photography that conveys hope and inspiration is also a political act? The work of the photographer, to act as observer, means that encounters with our cameras reflect the places we want to be and spend time. Sometimes those experiences can be shocking or disappointing. But more often than not wildwood reminds us of its patterns of birth, life, death and decomposition, patterns repeated through the seasons for hundreds of thousands of generations of trees. And through ice ages and warmer periods in the past, trees have flowed and migrated across the world in response to opportunities and pressures. They have survived drought and flood, extreme heat and bitter cold, disease and disaster, and human interference. In geological time trees have even survived the majority of Mass Extinction Events. They have shown themselves adaptable and resilient, enduring and inspiring. If that isn’t a cause for hope, then I don’t know what is.

Exhibition Details

Joe Cornish

Simon Baxter

The Wyre Forest

Afraid Of Light 2500

The Wyre Forest sits on the border of Worcestershire and Shropshire. Once a source of fuel for local industry, it is now the largest woodland nature reserve in England. Today, the forest is a place of dog walkers, mountain bikers and horse riders, of children playing, and remote, almost wild, outreaches. My relationship with the forest started as somewhere to go for a walk at the weekend — somewhere my son could safely ride his bike.

While there are many good things about living in Birmingham, it can feel claustrophobic — the sprawl, the congestion, the industry. Sometimes — quite often, in fact — I just need to get out.

We live a couple of miles from the centre of Birmingham, which is itself about 20 miles from the forest. While there are many good things about living in Birmingham, it can feel claustrophobic — the sprawl, the congestion, the industry. Sometimes — quite often, in fact — I just need to get out. And that’s where WYRE began: a need to escape the city, practise my photography, and hopefully improve it. Woodland work isn’t easy, but like anything, the only way to get better is to do it. So, about 18 months ago, I started making regular trips to the forest, often on a Friday afternoon after work.

At first, my goal was simple: go for a walk, take a few photos, and unwind after the week. In truth, I wasn’t really sure how much photographic potential there would be. But I quickly realised that photographic potential is all around us — we just have to be there to see it.

Catching Light 2500

It amazes me how often I’ll walk and walk, seeing nothing, then stop to take a photo, and suddenly find one or two more in that immediate area. I’m sure part of it is that I’ve paused in a more interesting spot, but I think it’s also because I’ve stopped at all. Stopping creates a photographic opportunity — which, for me at least, is the opposite of what I’d expect.

There’s always the imagining — or maybe the fear — that you have to walk miles upon miles just to find one image worth making… and even then, the light probably won’t work. While that may sometimes be true, it’s just as true that, if you stop and let your brain absorb the world around you, images present themselves.

But even knowing that, I always face apathy beforehand. Most visits follow a familiar arc — I can’t be bothered today / I won’t take any good photos anyway → No — I’m going to go → the drive, slowly unwinding from a week at work while listening to a podcast → exploring a few miles of forest → finding something to photograph → driving home, convinced nothing I took was good — but knowing I felt better for having gone.

It amazes me how often I’ll walk and walk, seeing nothing, then stop to take a photo, and suddenly find one or two more in that immediate area. I’m sure part of it is that I’ve paused in a more interesting spot, but I think it’s also because I’ve stopped at all.

In The Flow 2500

More often than not, I’d get home and find that one or two of the images were usable. Seldom did I come back with nothing — and even when I did, I’d learned something. The more I visited the forest, the more I realised just how much opportunity it holds. As my images improved, I began to tentatively look for themes and to understand whether I could create a project from the work.

I’m not sure why my brain thinks in projects, but it does. Whenever I find something interesting, it always forms in my mind as a sequence — something more than an individual photo. Earlier this year, I decided I had enough images for a short e-book. So, trying not to overthink it, I sequenced and released it for free on my website.

There is catharsis in that for me — taking the images I’d made and putting them out there, to have a life of their own. Whether that’s for five people to see or five thousand doesn’t really matter. I can consider them ‘done’.

Fallen 2500

Well… until I inevitably decide to re-edit some of them one day.

What the next iteration or chapter of WYRE will be remains to be seen. Recently, I’ve been drawn more to the areas around the forest — to the places it shelters — and I think the work may take a more documentary turn.

In doing that, I allow myself to move on to the next chapter. My vision for WYRE is for it to be roughly yearly — and while I’d love others to download it, ultimately it’s something I do for myself more than anyone else.

What the next iteration or chapter of WYRE will be remains to be seen. Recently, I’ve been drawn more to the areas around the forest — to the places it shelters — and I think the work may take a more documentary turn.

I’m working on other projects that may develop a stronger narrative, but WYRE will continue alongside — a quieter study in patience, escape, and a drive to do better work; a belief that if I look, I will find.

Between Angst and Beauty

I’ve seen a few photographers discuss mental health and the positive impact that photography has had on their well being. It’s not really something that I’ve discussed. There’s probably an artistic link between internal angst and being rescued in a way by the beauty that surrounds us.

When I was doing computer forensic work, we worked long hours examining pedophiles’ computers. Some quite harrowing jobs. Was I the best person for that sort of work? Probably not. I had two young children, and sometimes I’d be doing examinations and just couldn’t get my head around how some people did what they did to their own children. Despite 25 plus years in the CID I was a bit of a sentimental, soft hearted romantic. I still am. A rufty tufty exterior and a softly squidgy interior. Stress manifested itself mostly when I was at home, trying to sleep. I remember being hooked up to an ECG on a few occasions at Penrith Hospital in the wee small hours. Waking in a panic, resting heart rate of 120 plus. MrsLJ would wake in an empty bed and just think “aye, he’s away again”. At work, such things were never really discussed. Like I say, we were big, gruff northerners. Manly men.

My doctor suggested getting out and about, doing some walking. Exercising to try to keep the stress at bay. We were based five miles from Ullswater and five miles from the Eden Valley. It wasn’t like we had to travel far for a nice walk. So walk we did. Wandering over all the hills surrounding Ullswater with my old Boxer dog Harvey. And one morning in January 2010, we crested the rise of Brown Hills overlooking Ullswater and looked down on that beautiful lake. The rain was just clearing, and wisps of mist were rising in plumes from the woods. The surface of the lake was silvered and shiny. Light was catching the rocky flanks of St Sunday's Crag.

Harvey and I just stood spellbound by the scene in front of us. Well, I was spellbound. If I remember right, Harvey would have been scowling because we’d stopped for more than a second. But, in that moment, I decided that I had to buy a camera.
Harvey and I just stood spellbound by the scene in front of us. Well, I was spellbound. If I remember right, Harvey would have been scowling because we’d stopped for more than a second. But, in that moment, I decided that I had to buy a camera.

I had to find some way of recording what I was looking at. Recording the memory somewhere other than in the dusty recesses of my brain. Later that week a Pentax DSLR arrived. A lovely wee thing. From my first day with a camera, I was bewitched, besotted. The beauty of the landscape was magnified overnight. I saw the landscape through entirely different eyes. An artist's eyes. Light, colour, darkness. I marvelled at what lay in front of me. And I realised fairly quickly that I could put my own slant on that landscape if I wished. I dealt with the harsh realities of life every day. But with photography, I could create my own realities. Present my reality to you as I envisaged in my mind's eye. I was no longer required to be a faithful servant of the truth. When I was out with a camera, I could feel my blood pressure dropping. Time passed by differently. Clocks stopped. The hands of time stood still. I wandered free as a bird. I would point the camera at whatever took my fancy. See with the heart, shoot with the head. All thoughts of work vanquished.

Ljz 7087 Edit

I remember Tim Parkin from On Landscape contacting me for an interview. I was quite surprised as I’d only been taking pictures a couple of years. He said that he just wanted to ask me some questions about my thought processes when I was out with a camera. I told him that it would be a bloody short interview as I didn’t think about anything. Instinct, intuition, individuality. They were my only thought processes. And I guess that after 25 years in the CID I had the confidence in my instincts to follow my own path. Either that or I was too grumpily arrogant to listen to any other bugger.

Anyway. All that’s a different story about a different person in a way. I remember discussing the clouds one day when I was out with MrsLJ. They were incredible. Tendrils of cloud reaching downwards like a wizard’s fingers. I said as much to Mrs LJ, who turned to me and said “who are you and what the feck have you done with my husband”. It was photography that changed me and gave me what I call my second life. And congratulations if you’ve read all the way to the end. I’m not sure what brought that spiel on. Sitting listening to music while Mrs LJ was out playing with ponies. My mind wandering and reminiscing. The picture? One from this evening. Walking out from the house as the sun set over Harris. The islands viewed through a gap in the dunes.

Read Tim's interviews with Mark:

End frame: Lido di Venezia, 1959 by Gianni Berengo Gardin

Sometimes in life, you set out with a certain idea, a narrative you want to follow, but then an unexpected event shifts your course entirely. That happened to me here. My original plan was to present as an “End Frame” a photograph by one of my favourite Italian photographers, since I am half-Italian myself. But then on the seventh of August, Gianni Berengo Gardin, one of the most prominent Italian photographers of the twentieth century and also one of my favourites, passed away. That news made my choice clear, this piece would become not just an introduction and discussion of a photograph, but also a small tribute to one of Italy’s most poetic and human storytellers who chronicled the life of a country for more than half a century.

Born in 1930 in Santa Margherita Ligure, Berengo Gardin always considered Venice his true birthplace. It was in Venice that he first picked up a camera in the early 1950s, photographing as an amateur before eventually turning professional. He never abandoned the city in spirit, even when travelling and being on assignment elsewhere. Indeed, it was there, late in life, that he fought tirelessly against the arrival of large cruise ships, seeking to protect Venice’s fragile beauty from mass tourism. His Venice photographs, both early and late, reflect a rare intimacy with the city, showing the everyday life of workers, children, and artisans, documenting the often hidden realism of this unique city.

From this Venetian period, I have chosen Lido di Venezia (1959), an image that resonates with my own photographic thinking. The composition is simple and minimalistic, two adults and a small child in a pram stand at the shoreline.

Aspen (Poplar Tremuloides)

The leaves of the aspen flutter,
though the air be still as glass;
they speak in a voice of silver,
to the meadow and the pass.
Traditional mountain verse

The aspen leaves tremble delicately,
giving off a sound as of tiny bells.
John Muir (Our National Parks)

Colorado

Colorado Stand, Joe Cornish

The aspen is a real treasure of a tree species from North America. I should be more specific and say that quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) is the real treasure, as although we have aspen across Europe, it is the European Aspen (Populus tremula) species and doesn't have the same visual impact. (There are also aspen in Asia, different species in Korea and China, which I will mention briefly later.)

Aspenmap

For most of the article, I will be talking about the US version as that is the one with the paper-white bark marked by the characteristic black ‘staring eye’. I asked Matt Payne and Joe Cornish for aspen photos for this article, and they kindly provided a few that you will find throughout the article.

As the Latin name suggests, aspen is a form of poplar, of which there are many types around the world, from the chunky white poplar to the tall black poplar. The other famous poplar is the cottonwood, another landscape photographer's favourite.

Colorful Telluride Sunset Panorama (2021)

Telluride, Matt Payne

Poplar tends to prefer waterways and floodplains at lower elevations and are characterised by grey or green bark. In contrast, the quaking aspen is very different and exhibits an unusual tolerance for diverse conditions. It also has a pure white bark that stands out against darker forest, and the flattened stems (petioles) of its waxy leaves allow them to clatter together in the wind. The sound is extraordinary, as if the whole tree were murmuring to itself.

4×4 Landscape Portfolios

Welcome to our 4x4 feature, which is a set of four mini landscape photography portfolios which has been submitted for publishing. Each portfolio consists of four images related in some way. Whether that's location, a project, a theme or a story. See our previous submissions here.

Submit Your 4x4 Portfolio

Interested in submitting your work? We are always keen to get submissions, so please do get in touch!

Do you have a project or article idea that you'd like to get published? Then drop us a line. We are always looking for articles.


Brian Uchiyama

Reflections of a Street Light

Brian Uchiyama 4x4


Nadav Knaan

First Touch of Snow in the Kyrgyz Mountains

Nadav Knaan 4x4


Peter Berlinghof

Siebengebirge

Peter Berlinghof 4x4


Tom Townsend

Woodland Portraits

Tom Townsend 4x4


Woodland Portraits

Tom Townsend 4x4

Over the last few years, I've become intrigued with the uniqueness and character of trees in various settings and locales, including at times the same set of trees in differing times and weather conditions. I'm submitting for consideration 4 of these images, which, for me, exude a great deal of character.

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Siebengebirge

Peter Berlinghof 4x4

After leaving the southern suburbs of Cologne and going further down south along the eastern bank of the Rhine you will see a hill range of about seven mountains appearing on the horizon. This may have been the reason why people named the mountains southeast of Bonn Siebengebirge (= seven mountains), although there are about 50 summits in the area, the present landscape is the result of volcanic activities, which started about 25 million years ago, and of the subsequent erosion of softer materials. The mountains are not particularly high: the highest one, Großer Ölberg, reaches 460 m and the most famous one, Drachenfels, stops at 321 m. The name Drachenfels (= Dragon’s Rock) hints at the local wealth of legends and myths which have inspired a lot of authors.

My interest in the place was not inspired by those legends and myths. It was the geology of the place which provoked me to explore it by focusing on geologically interesting routes and landmarks. After some research I had found a corresponding guide book by a local author which described in detail the geological phenomena and the routes to get there (Sven von Loga, ISBN 978-3-946328-26-1). The images were all taken alongside the routes presented in this book. Another common feature is that they were all taken using the same technique (infrared black and white).

Berlinghof 7mountains 1 Berlinghof 7mountains 2 Berlinghof 7mountains 3 Berlinghof 7mountains 4

Escaping the Algorithm, Missing the Buzz

Nigelcooke Escape The Algorithm 1

I think we have all become tired of it. The algorithms, the endless tweaking of hashtags, and the feeling that our creativity was being filtered through a faceless server farm— the gatekeeper who decides if our work is worthy of being seen. We are tempted to pay to play, if not with currency, at least with a compromise in our art. This wasn’t how it was supposed to be. It’s certainly not what was sold to us in the beginning, when likes came easy, giving us the boost to carry on making.

So we went back to our blogs and newsletters. Slower, quieter platforms, where there was no barrier between our work and our audience. No tricks, or gamification of the system. We wrote from the heart, our true voice for the first time in months, perhaps years. We felt a renewed creative energy as we hit send and closed the lid on the laptop.

But then came the silence. Growth slowed. Likes and comments became rare. The small audience we had, while somewhat engaged, felt invisible in the wider world. And a new kind of doubt crept in;

Without the algorithm, was anyone ever really listening?

This is the quiet contradiction of modern creativity. Autonomy, but not obscurity. We hated the algorithm, but also missed its forward momentum, no matter how slow of late. Now, we're caught in a strange middle ground, lost somewhere between the cracks. We asked ourselves a question.

Are we true creatives or simply churners of content and number counters?

Stéphane Jean

Creativity is often accompanied by restlessness. It has taken a while for Stéphane Jean to find the right outlet—nature and landscape photography. Nothing along the way is wasted; all of our career choices and explorations ultimately enrich our experience and interpretation of place and nature.

Stéphane enjoys searching for images close to his home in the Swedish province of Dalsland. His favourite photographs are often of the small things that we might easily pass by, or the moments we experience as a result of slowing down and tuning in to our surroundings. This ultimately deepens our connection with place, and leads us to discover more.

In Hiding

Would you like to start by telling readers a little about yourself – where you grew up, what your early interests were, and what you went on to do?

I was born in Paris, France, but grew up in the south of Sweden as we moved back to my mother’s roots there when I was about 3. With my father working as a drummer, freelance graphic designer, and illustrator, and my mother having a background as a dancer and being raised around music, I was regularly exposed to music and art at home.

These influences had me spend many hours drawing as a kid and later diving into music. But while my father supported my interest in music, he also consistently dissuaded me from following his path as a professional musician. This led me to not truly commit, instead choosing a compromise and the sidelines of the music world, working towards being a Recording Engineer.

After a few years in the recording studio business, I realized the downsides were too costly. So, after about a year together, my partner – now wife – persuaded me to try something new, leaving the city behind and moving to a much more rural part of the country. Here, after trying a couple of new things, having previously learned the basics in desktop publishing and Photoshop, I started working in print and newspapers.

Creativity has been an important driver for you, and has taken you through a number of media and expressions?

Yes, that’s true. Looking back, it’s clear that I’ve always had a need for a creative outlet of some sort, like a constant unconscious pull, even when I haven’t indulged.

As having this need isn’t always convenient, I’ve slowly learned how to let it rest for longer periods of time, but as the months pile up, I just start to get a little depressed without it. It’s like I slowly dry out of life energy and purpose.

As I mentioned before, music was a huge outlet for me, especially in my late teens, spending many hours on my own, exploring and trying to learn how to play the keyboard, then composing and recording clumsy compositions. It was really nothing spectacular yet it gave me so very much. Playing with others, percussion rather than keyboard, music also found its way back into my life for a couple of years in my 40s.

Then, in the early 2000s I embarked on a 3D modeling and rendering journey. What drew me in was the realistic light simulations that had then become more affordable. As animation didn’t interest me much, I focused on stills, eventually printing, exhibiting and selling my work. This adventure and the insights they offered would later turn out to be essential to my photography switch.

Stephane Jean 02

When did photography come into it? What was the prompt, and when did you sense that this offered you the balance you were looking for?

While photography has always been present, it wasn’t until in my late 30s that I really started to see its true potential and purpose in my life. I had a couple of periods where it was a bit more central, but I was really quite clueless until about 15 years ago, so it’s been quite a slow awakening.

I remember being very drawn to my father’s Yashica camera, but my first truly vivid photography memory – and probably the spark that truly lit my lifelong fascination with photography – is from when I was about 10 years old, photographing four horse family tree illustrations that my father had made on commission. The camera I used (and still have) was a late 1950s medium format Agfa Isolette I.

After about a decade dabbling with 3D, the frustration of my slow progress and the disproportionate numbers of hours in front of a computer screen had me look for something else, so as I switched to a new livelihood in education in 2010, I also bought my first digital mirrorless camera.

Then, in the late 90s, working in print, I got to play around with the first consumer digital cameras, eventually getting a compact digital camera for the family. While it saw some pretty extensive but casual use, my own snapshots never felt very good, and I remember thinking that my wife took much better photos.

After about a decade dabbling with 3D, the frustration of my slow progress and the disproportionate numbers of hours in front of a computer screen had me look for something else, so as I switched to a new livelihood in education in 2010, I also bought my first digital mirrorless camera.

Empowered by what I had learned about light and (virtual) cameras from my years with 3D, I rapidly threw myself into photography. Buying and adapting old lenses, I started experimenting, devoting practically every spare minute of my time to photography, feeling that I had finally found something that offered a perfect balance between my technical and creative affinities and interests. Slowly adding the exploration of the countryside that I had moved to more than a decade earlier, yet still hadn’t learned to fully appreciate, was the final ingredient that turned photography into the thing I had looked for all my life. While I’m probably romanticizing this a little, it really felt like magic.

Then, a few years later, bolstered by a local photography course, I came across and applied to The Arcanum, an online mentor/apprenticeship based photography and arts school co-founded by photographer Trey Ratcliff, that was just about to open. To my great shock, I was among the first to be accepted and invited into a group mentored by Varina Patel. The time I had with Varina and my fellow apprentices, and in a following group studying minimalism, was such an incredible creative boost and learning experience.

Island In The Sky

Who (photographers, artists or individuals) or what has most inspired you, or driven you forward in your own development as a photographer?

I’ve always instinctively strived to do my own thing and follow my own vision and interpretations, finding that while looking at the work of other photographers can be very inspiring, it does come with risks – losing track of one’s own path being number one.

I’ve always instinctively strived to do my own thing and follow my own vision and interpretations, finding that while looking at the work of other photographers can be very inspiring, it does come with risks – losing track of one’s own path being number one.
Though I've occasionally and uncomfortably skirted the line, my firm aim is to derive only energy and motivation, rather than direct ideas, from others' photography, instead taking those primarily from nature itself.

Other common sources of inspiration of either kind are unexpected life observations and conversations, music, literature, art and movies. I’ve also always been drawn to natural sciences like astronomy, astrophysics and the origins of life and have lately found a lot of inspiration from them.

All that said, the time I had in The Arcanum and the incredible mentors, especially Varina, with her ability to see where I was going before I even knew myself, were definitely key in shaping me into the photographer I am today. Beyond that, there are a great number of photographers that have given me important bits of practical, philosophical and/or sometimes even visual inspiration over the years, with names like David du Chemin, Jean-Michel Berts, Mikko Lagerstedt, Vivian Maier, Bruce Percy, Hengki Koentjoro, Karen Waller, Mark Cornick and Sarah Marino popping up.

Stephane Jean 05

What is, for you, the appeal of landscape photography? How much is down to the outcome (the image) and how much to the experience or the connection with place that can develop out of it?

The appeal, I’d say, is about things like the opportunity to reconnect with nature and trying to capture the essence of it. Then there’s the mental calibration and stress relief that spending time in nature offers alongside some physical exercise.

I think that both these components are about equal in importance to me. While the outcome used to be my main focus, the time I’ve spent in the landscape has opened up so much more. Nature and the landscape offer much-needed stress relief, while photography satisfies my creative urge. Together, they magically provide something greater than the sum of their parts.

In the beginning, the outcome was definitely my main focus at all times, but being more seasoned and confident now, allowing myself to relax and better tune in with my surroundings, I’d say that it has become about equal in importance to the experience. In the landscape, the experience of the moment and nature is definitely prioritized, while the processing phase is about the outcome and conveying the emotional response I experienced in the field. Having both these aspects present in the workflow has definitely improved my images and the overall value I get out of photography. But, while I strongly feel that my own connection with nature and the scene is absolutely essential, and even though knowing that recognizable locations sell images, I rarely try to ”photograph places”, but rather manifestations of life and nature, if that makes sense.

In the beginning, the outcome was definitely my main focus at all times, but being more seasoned and confident now, allowing myself to relax and better tune in with my surroundings, I’d say that it has become about equal in importance to the experience.

Stephane Jean 08
How do you feel that your photography has evolved? I can relate to your progression from classic view to small detail, learning by experimentation, and working close to home – they all resonate and ultimately help us to find our individual style, and better express this.

After the first years of experimenting with many genres of photography, I started focusing more on ”traditional landscape photography”, travelling a bit in Sweden and Norway, looking to capture those grand scenes often seen on social media. With time, though, I realized that the way I saw and instinctively wanted to convey the magic of nature didn’t fit that format. While this insight was a slow-coming one, I clearly remember what finally cemented it. It came to me like a sledge hammer, standing on a mountain in Norway, completely blown away by the vast scenery with surrounding mountain tops and the beautiful valley stretching out into the distance below me, realizing that conveying the entirety of that experience just couldn’t be done with photography.

I still sometimes enjoy the beautiful grand mountain views captured by others in far away exotic places, but find learning to see, appreciate and capture the myriad of nature’s smaller miracles available in my everyday life to be much more rewarding.

Also, having a strong need for diversity, I really can’t stand doing the same thing over and over for too long without changes or challenges, pushing myself and my work to evolve. This is also why I don’t stick to only traditional landscape photography, regularly turning to macro, ICM and other abstract forms.

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Aerial ICM

Occasionally, making an exception to my ”rule” of not travelling for photography, I leverage Norway's proximity for a photo trip with a friend every five years or so, which helps me avoid stagnation and refreshes my creative mind.

My increasingly more relaxed approach has also made photography more enjoyable and beneficial in many ways, increasing the quality of my photos with fewer exposures. I’ve also learned how expectations make me miss unexpected opportunities and stifle inspiration and creativity, so unless I have a specific new idea to try out, the only plan I make these days is where to bring the camera.

Sticking to a smaller, familiar area, not only maximizes the likelihood of collecting unique photos and enabling more frequent photo opportunities. It also allows me to form a deeper connection with the local landscape and offers a greater chance at revealing the gems and surprises hiding beneath the surface.

Sticking to a smaller, familiar area, not only maximizes the likelihood of collecting unique photos and enabling more frequent photo opportunities. It also allows me to form a deeper connection with the local landscape and offers a greater chance at revealing the gems and surprises hiding beneath the surface.

Other benefits of the close access that have become important to me are a lower carbon footprint, less wear and tear on popular locations, and the mental health benefits of spending frequent time in nature.

The one thing that I’m currently most focused on is evolving my work into series of photos. I think that this approach is especially well suited for the more minimalist style that I subscribe to as it allows a photographer to weave individual photos into larger, more involving stories. As I tend to go ”blind” and lose my perspective when spending to much time with a single photo or series, I switch between projects all the time, so none are yet released in their entirety. Several series are either very close or just a single decision away though and should soon see a release, though.

Would you like to choose 2 or 3 favourite photographs from your own portfolio and tell us a little about why they are special to you, or your experience of making them?

Green Fire

Stephane Jean 03 Favorite 1

This is the first in a series with the working title ”Green Fire”, representing my first successful close-up ICM set of images. I had been using basic ICM techniques every now and then for many years but then had one of the rare occurrences where I allowed myself to be visually, rather than only emotionally inspired by someone else’s work, more exactly the close-up Agave ICM photography of Mark Cornick and Karen Waller.

After having utterly failed over and over again, I gave up for a while, but then mustered some courage and nervously contacted and asked Karen if she might offer some tips. She was very nice, but in order to not distort my own discovery of this particular technique, she told me that the best thing I could do was to accept that it was indeed very hard and that I shouldn’t give up. Interestingly enough, the next time I attacked my mother in law’s Hosta flower bed, I nailed it (thank you Karen)!

Jǫrmungandr

Jörmundgandr

The second image is from my Coriolis series. I started working on this series from a local bridge in 2019, when we had a particularly wet autumn and winter, but this photo is from a few years later. With high water levels, the floodgates are opened on the small power station just downstream, which produces a plethora of swirls moving down the stream, starting right below the bridge. They are very short lived and hard to anticipate, though, making them frustratingly tricky to catch in a decent composition. As I shoot them hand held, panning and zooming as they move away from me, stellar stabilization is essential to get fine hand shake free details mixed with a sense of motion in the water at shutter speeds ranging between 1/10-1/2 seconds at upwards of 200mm full frame equivalent. In these swirls, the most intriguing little things, like this Midgard Serpent, and other mythical characters like Fenrir and Nimue may be found.

Resting

Resting

My last pick is the oldest of the lot and from the time I was first trying to get a handle on long exposures, almost 10 years ago. It is from one of my absolute favourite spots on the Swedish west coast, about an hour and a half from home. This is also an early example of me gravitating towards tighter, more intimate framing over the full sunset view. While it may have its flaws, the emotional response it triggers in me still makes this one of my all time favourites.

Tell us a little more about where you live, and the places that you are drawn back to?

The province of Dalsland, the home I left the city for almost 30 years ago, is a bit of a forgotten part of Sweden. Often nicknamed “a Sweden in miniature”, this area is somewhat wedged between Vänern, Europe’s largest third-largest lake, Norway, and the beautiful Bohuslän west coast. Together, they offer a diverse range of nature experiences and landscapes. The landscape closest to me is riddled with forests and boasts over 2000 lakes. It’s a bit ”compact”, offering more intimate views than grand scenery with high peaks and deep valleys, but that’s where one would instead rely on Norway.

I still feel like I’ve barely scratched the surface, but it has just about everything I need to fulfil my nature photography needs. I rarely need to drive or walk for more than 5 to 30 minutes to reach most of my favourite spots, and often take a camera bag with me in the morning for a quick after work session.

I still feel like I’ve barely scratched the surface, but it has just about everything I need to fulfil my nature photography needs. I rarely need to drive or walk for more than 5 to 30 minutes to reach most of my favourite spots, and often take a camera bag with me in the morning for a quick after work session.

Divine Invitation

Autumn is perfect for some pre-work drone photography

Besides my own garden, which features both wild and domesticated flora, my closest favourite locations are all centered around water—lakes, streams and waterfalls—and with access to the famous 254 km long Dalsland Canal, of which only 12 kms are man made.

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Water and ice are all I need to enjoy photography

Can you give readers a brief insight into your set up – from photographic equipment through processing to printing? Which parts of the workflow especially interest you, and where do you feel you can make the most difference to the end result?

My everyday landscape setup consists of an OM System OM-1 MkI, with an Olympus E-M1 MkII as a backup body and for my son, when we occasionally do photography together. My main lens is the Olympus 12-100mm f/4 Pro lens, usually accompanied by a Panasonic Leica 8-18mm f/2.8-4 and an Olympus 60mm f/2.8 macro lens. When I don’t feel the need for my beloved Shimoda X30 backpack, this 16-200mm FF equivalent trio fits nicely in a sling bag. Also, shooting a lot of verticals, I always either keep a battery grip or an L-bracket attached.

Doing a lot of long exposures, I’ve long carried CPL and ND-filters but but have gone back to circular (magnetic) filters from the bulk of rectangular ones. Most days I employ the excellent 1-6 stops ND simulation of my OM-1, though.

The reasons for sticking with micro four-thirds are size and weight benefits, alongside its flexibility and incredible stabilization (the smaller and lighter the sensor, the easier it is to stabilize), which enables me to do things probably impossible with other systems.

In 2017, I added a DJI Phantom 4 Pro drone, which greatly expanded not only my perspectives but also my photographic agility and flexibility. Photographing with a drone is quite a different and wonderfully liberating experience. The Phantom mysteriously dying on me in 2019 led me to replace it with a Mavic 3 Classic for a renewed creativity boost in late 2021.

In 2017, I added a DJI Phantom 4 Pro drone, which greatly expanded not only my perspectives but also my photographic agility and flexibility. Photographing with a drone is quite a different and wonderfully liberating experience. The Phantom mysteriously dying on me in 2019 led me to replace it with a Mavic 3 Classic for a renewed creativity boost in late 2021.

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Frozen lake, multi row, drone vertorama

My editing workflow consists of 95% Lightroom Classic, with a rare occasional touch of Photoshop. For the focus stacking, I use Helicon Focus for its excellent results and optional 100% non-destructive RAW workflow.

Contrary to the common view on resolution needs for larger prints, I want mine to be enjoyable really close up too, allowing them to reveal other aspects and perspectives than only the normal viewing distance would. This is why I use Topaz Gigapixel AI for prints where I couldn’t use the 50 and 80MP pixel shift modes of my cameras. Used carefully, combined with AI based denoising in Lightroom, or sometimes DxO Photolab, it allows me to print even older 16MP mFT files at up to 2 meters with truly amazing and natural looking detail that hold up to close scrutiny.

Regarding prints, my choice of paper is usually Hahnemühle Photorag, and while I’d love to do the printing myself, the larger sizes I gravitate towards just make it financially unreasonable for now. So while I do much of the framing myself, I let Grand Image Print studio in Gothenburg handle this (blowing my mind every single time!).

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Disconnected

You mention that your process can be a slow one, but that you’ve come to accept this and recognize its benefits?

Yes, although it used to affect all aspects of photography, I find that I’ve become more efficient in the past few years. Realizing that I can do much of my long exposure work hand held has helped free me from the ”tripod dogma” (you know, the one that dictates that landscape photography must be made with a tripod?). This, alongside a couple of other changes, has opened up and made my shooting a lot more flexible and efficient, allowing me to relax and enjoy the moment and nature much more.

The truly slow part of the process happens at home, where I sometimes wait weeks before even importing and looking through ”a catch”, and can edit a photo over several years.

The truly slow part of the process happens at home, where I sometimes wait weeks before even importing and looking through ”a catch”, and can edit a photo over several years. This latter phenomenon stems a lot from my sometimes quite pronounced indecisiveness, as well as from a lot of demanding responsibilities outside of photography.
This latter phenomenon stems a lot from my sometimes quite pronounced indecisiveness, as well as from a lot of demanding responsibilities outside of photography.

Shooting more abstract images has slowed this part down even more. I find both the blessing and the curse of abstract photography to be that it opens up so many opportunities in post processing. Leaving the figurative behind, it can be very hard to set a limit, often having me work on 2-4 versions in parallel.

While my indecisiveness can be a difficult issue in certain areas of life, I’ve concluded that with patience and in reality, it rarely is in the end when it comes to my photography. I really don’t need to be in a hurry. My photography is primarily for my own well-being, and for those that enjoy more time-less images. Besides, the slower pace and long breaks often make it a little easier to keep some sort of objectivity around my work.

But of course it feels good when a photo or a series is done and released, which in part is why printing and selling prints has become so useful to me. Once a final, limited edition print is made, exhibited and hopefully sold, there’s no turning back, no tweaking allowed.

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Exhibitions suggest that it is important to you that other people see your photographs in print. How do you choose to present your work, and what have you gained through showing it?

Well, while I do enjoy meeting people in a gallery, learning what my images make them feel and see, I’ve found the main benefit to be something else. An exhibition can be a closure of sorts. Apart from the creative closure it also makes me feel like I actually accomplished something worthwhile through my efforts. Sure, people can see and enjoy my work online, but that’s rarely anything but a very casual and shallow experience compared to viewing a print, whether it be large and impactful or small and intimate. We can view thousands of fleeting images on our phones and screens a day if we wish but how many of them do we really look at, perhaps even having them tell us something about the world and ourselves?

Also, while the light emitting property of screens can make an image feel closer to reality, it also comes to life in a different way when printed. A print is always present and alive in a way that a screen, reliant on power and scarcity won’t be.

The most important aspect of working with exhibitions, although stressful, is that offers me a focus and clarity that takes me and my work further than it would otherwise reach, and makes me see a much broader image and idea of what I do.

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You’ve had a frustrating year, which has undoubtedly knocked back any plans or ambitions that you had for your photography. What do you hope for, going forward?

That’s true. After more than 50 years of near perfect health, too much stress and apparently bad genes handed me a heart attack in February. It was the sneaky silent kind which almost ended my life about a week later. Some additional, unrelated medical complications means that I’m still not fully back to normal.

It’s quite clear to me that I burned that candle a bit too hard, trying to juggle too much for too long. A demanding job, a father with health issues, a son with special needs, the list grows long. Realizing that I had pushed my time and energy resources too thin, my devotion to photography demanded some scrutiny.

While spending time in nature and entertaining my creativity has been a great stress relief and energy source, with building a new website, preparing for exhibitions and a plethora of other related little things, balance was lost, even having me ponder whether I should perhaps quit photography altogether.

Of course I could just go back to ”casual shooting” but I’m pretty sure that I’d lose most of the creative incentive. My nature is to always keep developing and I find challenges to be a big part of that; trying to stop that would only lead to my losing interest. For one, only keeping my work on a hard drive just feels pointless to me.

I still don’t have the final answer to this new challenge but will be moving forward at a more considerate pace from now on, working to have my more relaxed attitude in the field reflected in more parts of the process, while keeping a more vigilant eye on my health.

I’ll also be putting in an effort to enjoy life more, with or without a camera in my hand, probably working less in periods. I’m also taking a break from exhibitions and once I get back to them, I will make sure that I have ample margins for life’s curve balls.

I’ll also be putting in an effort to enjoy life more, with or without a camera in my hand, probably working less in periods. I’m also taking a break from exhibitions and once I get back to them, I will make sure that I have ample margins for life’s curve balls.

Stephane Jean 20

We usually ask our interviewees what they would end up doing if they had to take a break from all things photographic for a week, but I realize that you have found yourself constrained for an extended period. When in good health, what other hobbies or interests do you have?

Well, to be honest, a week without photography is nothing for me. Family and work requirements can sometimes have me ”going dry” for months. But, if I would have to pick something else, it would be playing music (percussion) or perhaps doing some more creative cooking. I do however tend to use those creative breaks to instead fill up on inspiration through listening to audiobooks, the occasional podcast, watching interesting movies and quiet ”meditative walks” in nature.

And finally, is there someone whose photography you enjoy – perhaps someone that we may not have come across - and whose work you think we should feature in a future issue? They can be amateur or professional.

I think that Lesley MacGregor, a dear friend from The Arcanum, would be an excellent choice. She is a brilliant photographer with tons of interesting insight to share. And Adelaide based Karen Waller, another friend that I’ve made through photography, offers what I find to be an amazing portfolio of landscape, drone work and truly spectacular ICM close-ups, among other things.

Another master of ICM – Mark Cornick, who does some truly breathtaking coastal and close-up ICM work, would also be very interesting.

Thank you, Stéphane. We wish you continued good health and enjoyment of what sounds like a rich and rewarding environment.

You can see more of Stéphane’s photography on his website. https://photo.stephanejean.com/

Past Masters: Hudson River School, the detail and the whole

Premises

The Hudson River School’s artists viewed nature as a manifestation of the divine and strove to represent it as faithfully as possible, until different painters brought their own artistic vision and influences, which at times created interesting contrasting philosophies.

Frederic Edwin Church - The master of details

“Why do precisely these objects which we behold make a world?” Henry David Thoreau asks this question in Walden while observing the landscape around his cabin in the woods. The attempt to reconcile the parts of the landscape and its whole vastness is also an issue for Thoreau’s contemporary, the landscape painter Frederic Edwin Church (1826-1900)

Nineteenth-century viewers expected landscape paintings to balance precision and generality, detail and effect, but Frederic Church’s work often seemed to upset this balance, especially as his career progressed.

Frederic Edwin Church View Of Cotopaxi 1857

Frederic Edwin Church - View Of Cotopaxi, 1857

Church was celebrated but received conflicted responses in the mid-century. One might wonder if his scientific interests disrupted his ability to offer a broader, allegorical message. “Study the foreground of a Church”, one critic wrote, reflecting on the artist’s career shortly after his death in 1900, “and you will find a constant struggle between the desire to say everything and to say also the large and appealing thing ” - the general atmosphere. Such a “struggle”, in Church’s paintings raises questions about the role of detail in a work of art, not only during the nineteenth century, but also for the contemporary state of landscape photography.

Church’s paintings visualize and historicize a fundamental shift in visual representation.

From a system of representation based on the containment of details within a framing, towards something with lesser details and lesser continuity and therefore differences began to emerge. It is precisely thanks to this pictorial evolution that artists will eventually arrive at new forms of expression later known as Impressionism and Post-Impressionism.
From a system of representation based on the containment of details within a framing, towards something with lesser details and lesser continuity and therefore differences began to emerge. It is precisely thanks to this pictorial evolution that artists will eventually arrive at new forms of expression later known as Impressionism and Post-Impressionism.

For the nineteenth-century American viewer, details in a landscape painting had to be small in scale and visually compelling, leading the eye into the foreground and becoming the first points of contact with the spectator. These small details were juxtaposed against a notion often described as “effect”, which was equated with generality, union or harmony. “Effect”, in that period, was not simply a noun to use with an adjective, but rather an idea. An idea to indicate the eventual unification of those foreground details and the suppression of their difference. The aim in landscape paintings was, in fact, to avoid a “detailed effect” while providing an “effect” in which details were forgotten or even repressed, and only a singular impression of harmony remained.

A Brief Rant About Film

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Everybody’s got a camera.

A generation raised on the internet and the iPhone experience photography as a seamlessly integrated and effortless part of their lives; just one more quotidian activity automated by technology to subordinate human decision-making. Pro photographers notwithstanding, legions of people compulsively take picture after picture, hoarding them in profusion, never to be looked at again after a fleeting debut on a tiny screen.

Once, as a society, we cherished the “Kodak Moment,” a marketing masterstroke that now feels quaint, a victim of what I’ll call photobesity: a deluge of snapshots made so mindlessly and frequently that they’ve devolved into pullulating yottabytes of digital dross. Visually preserved memories, once curated to be physically shared and displayed with pride, now languish in a virtual vault less visited than that proverbial shoebox full of family vacation photos, forgotten in a dark closet. That closet is now called “the cloud.” And we are continually nickel-and-dimed by Apple, Google, and Dropbox, dunning us, or surreptitiously renewing our subscriptions, to pay for ever-increasing gigabytes of ephemeral storage space for our abandoned pictures.

Forget, for a moment, the environmental cost of this ever-billowing cloud—the power plants needed to support an ever-increasing number of gargantuan server farms. This phenomenon comes at the cost of our eidetic memories, the deeply embedded kind that linger in our mind’s eye and would otherwise resurface vividly and unexpectedly throughout our lives. Instead, the very act of snapping a picture distances us from the moment we seek to preserve, trivialising it. The camera captured it, so I don’t have to.

I seem to have made an argument against digital photography, in favour of film. Not my intention. But I aim to highlight a reactionary trend: Many fine art photographers, anxious about their craft being perceived as too easy, have turned to outdated cameras—from 35mm SLRs to big bellows view cameras—and use them exclusively with film.
The paradox: The sheer volume of images leads to forgetfulness. Memories, deeply embedded by experience, are more easily retrieved from the heart than from an iPhone.I seem to have made an argument against digital photography, in favour of film. Not my intention. But I aim to highlight a reactionary trend: Many fine art photographers, anxious about their craft being perceived as too easy, have turned to outdated cameras—from 35mm SLRs to big bellows view cameras—and use them exclusively with film. Based on my completely unscientific psychological analysis, I’d say their rationale is simple: because it’s harder.

Exposing film, from sprocketed rolls to sheets the size of an iPad, then developing it and enlarging prints in a darkroom filled with secret sauces, may give some photographers a greater sense of accomplishment. Or maybe they only want their audience to believe that narrative to cultivate an illusion of rigor, so their work is taken more seriously. Maybe they’re trying to mitigate a sense of guilt: If it’s too easy, anyone could do it. Or maybe it’s just a combination of nostalgia and curiosity that drives them.

Copy Raw Conzelman Road Nº1

Highway33 Stop Sign 1584

Whatever their motivation, a fallacious contention has circulated that shooting film, which is far more expensive than it was in pre-digital days, makes photographers more discerning about when to press the shutter than sloppy digital shooters who machine-gun dozens and dozens of pictures, hoping to nail one good shot out of the whole nine yards. That’s just nuts.

George Bernard Shaw, himself an avid amateur shooter, famously wrote, “The photographer is like the cod which produces a million eggs in order that one may reach maturity.” Wry joke or literal critique, critics today still say digital shooters rely on algorithms to correct poorly-exposed pictures—a crutch. But younger photographers may be surprised to learn that during the heyday of magazine photojournalism, the amount of film I’d shoot for a single assignment might rival their annual output. They don’t ration film because they’re more discerning but out of necessity — because it is ten times more expensive now than it used to be. Let’s see. Should I start my next project on this same roll of film? I’d hate to rewind it and waste those last nine frames.

But younger photographers may be surprised to learn that during the heyday of magazine photojournalism, the amount of film I’d shoot for a single assignment might rival their annual output.

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I once worked with a photo editor—my client was a TV network—who admonished his minions, “Film is cheap; shoot by the pound!” It was the fastest and cheapest way to create colour “dupes” (i.e., copy 35mm slides) for distribution to, and publication by, affiliate TV stations and advertising outlets across the country. A Nikon with a motor-drive did the trick.

That’ll never happen again. But pros today—film and digital—remain as conservative as ever about how many frames we shoot. No serious shooter sprays and prays. Who wants to sift through garbage for endless hours in post-production? “Post”: what we used to call editing.

Critics of digital photography often forget that darkroom techniques were manipulation. Pushing and pulling chemical development times, dodging and burning prints, layering and sandwiching negatives for HDR effects—these were pre-Photoshop tools. They worked. Just more cumbersome. Film has always been open to skilful manipulation.

Consider Kodak’s ubiquitous Brownie camera (1900–1967) and its slogan: You Press the Button, We Do the Rest. That was as close as we once got to instant gratification with photography. Aside from keeping my fingernails from turning brown by immersing my hands in sloshing trays of selenium toner and Dektol, the instant gratification of an LCD screen is the only thing that’s new today — the erstwhile original Polaroid notwithstanding. But even an LCD can be a curse. Staring at each shot the instant it’s taken is just a new form of impatience. Ask yourself: how do you feel waiting three minutes in front of a microwave vs. two hours for an oven-baked meal? What could you accomplish—and how much more satisfied would you feel—in the meantime?

Giant Camera Up Top 0047

It used to be that no one had a choice about shooting film; only about which kind to use for which application. I loved processing film and making prints, and fondly remember the smell of gelatin film emulsion. Potassium ferricyanide and sodium thiosulfate not so much. Today, when film is resuscitated after its last agonal gasp, the arcana of working in the dark with noxious and environmentally unfriendly fumes, it may be novel for some, but it represents a regressive response to the criticism that photography is too easy: My kid could do that! Who are you with your 11x14 Deardorff, to tell me I can’t do the same thing with my iPhone?

To be clear: artists who shoot only film often claim to see subtle differences that justify their fuss. I think that’s silly. Been there. Done that. Got the T-shirt. I dare anyone to eyeball any difference between one of my digitally printed photographs and an older, silver-gelatin one.

To be clear: artists who shoot only film often claim to see subtle differences that justify their fuss. I think that’s silly. Been there. Done that. Got the T-shirt. I dare anyone to eyeball any difference between one of my digitally printed photographs and an older, silver-gelatin one. That wasn’t true ten years ago. It is now. Even large-format sheet film can no longer claim qualitative superiority.

However, film does win on one front: archival conservation. It’s easier to keep for posterity than JPEG, RAW, TIFF, or DNG files stored inside that fugacious shoebox in the sky or even on a personal hard drive array. Then again, I won’t be around six hundred years from now to care. But much sooner than that, if a not-too-farfetched and foreboding sunspot flares up and fries Amazon’s Web Servers, or the Russians reduce Google to gobbledygook with a malware attack, you’re out of luck. Or what if you haven’t had the discipline to back up your photos regularly enough to keep up with the tick-tock of technology, let alone the physics of entropy? The CD-ROMs you might have socked away will eventually succumb to “disc rot.” (Do I need to burst your bubble by citing oxidation of the shiny reflective layer and a breakdown of the polycarbonate substrate, delaminating the whole schmear?) Or what if no computer, say, thirty years from now, can still “read” those ones and zeros you assiduously backed up? On a more optimistic, techno-utopian note, maybe we’ll learn how to store infinitely contiguous quantafloods of data inside strands of DNA—liquid drops of double helix repositories lasting millions of years1?

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Practically speaking, I used to put my film in an envelope and stick it in a drawer, relying on the likelihood that my photographs will be seen by my descendants living on Mars (notwithstanding fires and floods on Earth in the meantime). Want your photos to last long enough to be read by Jean-Luc Picard? Make prints. Especially pigment prints on rag paper—they’ll last as long as silver prints, whether colour or black-and-white.

As for film evangelists, their message is clear. Their ritualistic return to darkroom alchemy, economically moribund though it is, seems to me like a bid to bestow themselves with special powers that produce superior results and an aura of exclusivity, whether by divine favour or the favour of similarly sorcerous academics, critics, curators, and gallerists.

As for film evangelists, their message is clear. Their ritualistic return to darkroom alchemy, economically moribund though it is, seems to me like a bid to bestow themselves with special powers that produce superior results and an aura of exclusivity, whether by divine favour or the favour of similarly sorcerous academics, critics, curators, and gallerists. Their anachronistic zeal for antediluvian technology reminds my cynical side how ancient priests shrouded their religious rites in mystery and complexity to awe an uninitiated populace and reinforce their own elevated status.

Let’s be clear: Taking photographs is and always has been easy. Making them never was. That’s the story—for me, for all working artists and photojournalists, whether we prefer digital or analogue tools in our camera bags, is that we do indeed make photographs. Let the dilettantes keep taking them.

References

  1. Could We Store Our Data in DNA?, Matthew Hutson, The New Yorker

End frame: The Pond Moonrise by Edward Steichen

Edward Steichen (1879-1973) had a hugely varied and influential life as a painter, photographer and later, curator. His early career straddled an era when serious photography was trying to work out its own identity, still deeply influenced by art yet simultaneously trying to break free. It could be argued that The Pond – Moonlight (1904), taken in Mamaroneck, New York, near the home of his friend Charles Caffin, still stands as his most important early work. I would argue that this is not because of how it is valued in modern society – in 2006, one of three known prints sold for $2.9 million at Sotheby’s, at the time, the record for the most expensive photograph ever sold at auction. However, for me personally, as a wildlife and occasional landscape photographer, there is something much more interesting going on.

At first glance, when we look closely, we have a woodland scene reflected in a pond, a washed out blue sky as backdrop and the moon just rising beyond the trees. There is colour here, but muted and the near foreground appears indistinct as if Edward had taken a paintbrush to the reflection and swished them to a blur. Above all, there is the feeling that if this is a photograph, it is going through an identity crisis – am I a reflection of reality or am I reaching towards art?

This is, in essence, a great work of the Pictorialist movement, which desired above all else to move away from realistic depiction, from recording an image, to creating something out of that image. Generally, Pictorialist images are slightly unfocused, dreamy, printed in more than one colour and may even involve brush strokes or other interventions.